Cow (ushi)

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. Legends about ox, bull, cow . . .
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Cow, Bull, Ox (ushi)

***** Location: Japan, other areas
***** Season: various, see below
***** Category: Animal

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Explanation

The Cow, the Holy Cow in India, the ox-headed deities of various cultures .. this is a vast field, click on the photo to read more:



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QUOTE:
India's majority Hindu community reveres cowsand considers them to be "second mothers" .

About 8,000 years ago, the relationship between cows and man began with the revolutionary advent of domestication in Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley, and Africa. There were many possible candidates for the job but only the cow fit the specific criteria humankind needed: not too flighty, breeds well in captivity, grows at a good pace, not aggressive, requires a low maintenance diet.

Our ancestors chose wisely: Cows provide just about all of our basic needs, from milk and meat to muscle.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/holycow/

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Paint the Holy Cow.com

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Now let us look at some Japanese kigo with this animal.


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... ... ... Spring

Late Spring

Bullfighting, toogyuu　闘牛 Togyu
bulls fighting, ushi zumoo 牛角力
getting the bulls together, ushi awase 牛合わせ
getting the horns to clash, ushi no tsuno tsuki 牛の角突き

Different from Spain, the bulls are fighting each other, with the horns clashing and then driving the opponent out of the ring, like the SUMO wrestling of the humans. Each bull is accompanied by a farmer who sees that the animals do not really hurt each other.
Farmers keep these bulls in their home like pets and winners are named like in human SUMO wrestling, yokozuna, and so on.

Some areas in Japan are especially famous for these fights, for example Uwajima, Hachjoo-Jima, Oki no Shima. In other areas, fighting of dogs is performed instead.

These fights are held during late sprint to early summer. They still remind us of times when bulls and cows where the necessary animals to help farmers with their daily work in the fields.

. Fighting Bull Toys　闘牛玩具 .

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... ... ... Summer

cooling cows and horses, gyuuba hiyasu 牛馬冷す
cooling cows, ushi hiyasu 牛冷す
cooling horses, uma hiyasu 馬冷す
cool cow, hiyashi ushi 冷やし牛
cool horse, hiyashi uma　冷やし馬

washing cows, ushi arau 牛洗う
washing horses, uma arau 馬洗う

These are all kigo for late summer, they refer to a custom during the Gion Festival on the 25th day of the 6th month according to the old Asian calendar.
Cows and horses drawing the carts for the festival were driven down to the river and washed to cool down. Their legs were cooled, then the whole body, whith the people around them taking a cooling dip too. It was a time for merrymaking after a hot day.

Farmers would also cool their animals after working during a hot summer day. So this kigo expressed the kind care of farmers toward their animals, many considered as children of the house. Lately, this custsom has become sparse, as horses and cows are replaced by maschinery.



. ushi no Gion 牛の祗園（うしのぎおん）"Gion of the Bull" 　
Gion Festival
kigo for late summer


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Kigo for early summer.

takaki ushi 田掻牛（たかきうし）cow/bull for light plowing
..... shiro ushi 代牛（しろうし）

Farmers work in Summer


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observance kigo for late summer.

Bull Ritual, ushi kuyoo 牛供養
great field planting ritual,　ootaue 大田植え

hayashida 囃田（はやしだ）"planting with music"


hana taue 花田植 (はなたうえ) "planting in the flower season"

In some areas of Western Japan, especially Tottori, Hiroshima, Shimane and Yamaguchi it is customary to plant a big field (oota) at the beginning of the rice planting season. Cows and bulls are decorated and walk through the fields in a colorful parade, with music acompanyment. Then girls in traditional robes plant the big field.




Look at more photos here
http://homepage.mac.com/motoiaraki/hiba2/taue2.html

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observance kigo for late autumn

Bull Festival, ushi matsuri　牛祭
Bull Festival of Uzumasa, 太秦の牛祭 Uzumasa no ushi matsuri
Uzumasa ushimatsuri 太秦牛祭（うずまさうしまつり
God Madara, matara jin 摩多羅神

This is a Buddist festival for the Deity Matarajin. The God appears riding on the black cow. It is held in Kyoto on the 12th of October at the temple Kooryuu-Ji (Koryuji　広隆寺). The temple is also called "Uzumasa Temple" うずまさでら【太秦寺】.


Matarajin, Madarajin (Matara Shin) a protector of the Amida Sutra
and the Korean Connetion to the Hata clan 秦氏
By Gabi Greve


Copyright TANAKA MASAAKI All right reserved.

Look at more prints of festivals by Tanaka san.
http://www.masaakitanaka.co.jp/english/kyoto.htm


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. Cow nose ring ritual (hanaguri kuyoo) 　
memorial ceremony for the cows 牛魂供養
third saturday in April. Okayama prefecture


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Worldwide use

India

Cow (Pashu, Gai) ... The Holy Cow of India



Bull Fighting, jallikattu
Bull-taming at the Pongal Festival,
kigo for spring in India



Jallikattu is a wild bull taming sport played in Tamil Nadu as a part of Pongal celebration. Although it sounds similar to the Spanish running of the bulls, it is quite different. In Jallikattu, the bull is not killed and the 'matadors' are not supposed to use any weapon. It is held in the villages of Tamil Nadu on the eve of Mattu Pongal, one of the four days of Pongal festival (usually January 15 on the Western calendar). The one held in Alanganallur, near Madurai, is the most popular. This sport is also known as "Manju Virattu", meaning "chasing the bull".

In Jallikattu, an agitated bull is set to run in an open space. Several people, empty handed, try to tame it by controlling its horns. The winner gets a prize, which is generally tied to the horns of the bull. Only men take part in this game. Sometimes, more than one bull is loose at the same time. The village farmers take this game as a display of their masculine strength. Betting is also common during the game.

According to legend, in olden days the game was used by women to choose their husbands. Successful "matadors" were chosen as grooms.

There are several rock paintings, more than 3,500 years old, at remote Karikkiyur village in the Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu that show men chasing bulls.

© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Things found on the way

The first day of doyoo in midsummer (and midwinter) is called
ushi no hi, 牛の日、the day of the ox,
as in the 12 signs of the Japanese zodiac.
Read more here: Dog Days (doyoo) in Japan

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Go-Oo Hooin 牛王宝印 sacred seal of the ox treasure
goou hooin, 牛玉宝印 (くまのごおうほういん）from Kumano

熊野山宝印, 那智瀧宝印, 烏牛王 "crow and ox treasure"

. Amulets from Kumano .

The sacred seal of the ox treasure is also issued at the temple Senso-Ji at the Asakusa Kannon.

January 5 牛玉加持会
Prayer Ritual for the Deity of the Ox

source : www.senso-ji.jp/annual_event

. WKD : Asakusa Kannon　浅草観音 .


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HAIKU

- - - - - Kobayashi Issa - - - - -

A sudden shower falls -
and naked I am riding
on a naked horse!
Tr. Lucien Stryk

Summer shower -
naked horse
naked rider.
Tr. Lucien Stryk

. . . . . .

夕立や裸で乗しはだか馬
yuudachi ya hadaka de norishi hadaka uma

rainstorm--
a naked rider
on a naked horse
Tr. David Lanoue

(I guess the rider is wearing a fundoshi (kind of underwear) at least.)


... ... ... ... ...

Issa and the Horse Shit - 馬糞山
with a lovely haiga by Nakamura Sakuo


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牛の子が旅に立也秋の雨
ushi no ko ga tabi ni tatsu nari aki no ame

the calf begins
his journey...
autumn rain
Tr. David Lanoue

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on the pass two days --

牛の汗あらし木がらし吹にけり
ushi no ase arashi kogarashi fuki ni keri

high winds
cold gusts stripping
sweat off cows
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku was written by Issa as he made his way over high Usui Pass on the eastern border of his mountainous home province of Shinano at the end of the 10th month (November) in 1807. Earlier that year he'd returned to his hometown to negotiate with his half-brother about their father's will but had made no progress, so he decided to make another trip for the same purpose. Winter is deepening, however, and there is a windstorm (arashi) blowing in the mountain range he has to cross. Soon the storm becomes a full-blown early winter gale (kogarashi) with strong gusts, and it seems to have taken two days for him to make the crossing. The cows seem to be in a high pasture on a small plateau below the pass, and they struggle to stand in the same place without getting blown away.

When Issa reached his hometown on 11/5, his reception didn't differ much from what he experienced at the pass:

yuki no hi ya furusato-bito mo bu-ashirai

in my hometown
greeted by snow
and by people, too

Four days later he left his hometown as homeless as ever, and after visiting some local haikai poets he returned to Edo.

Chris Drake


. WKD : Usui Pass 薄井の峠 .


. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


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SENRYU

牛方のあきらめて行く俄雨
ushikata no akiramete yuku niwaka ame

the cow leader
havs given up and walks
in the sudden rain

The cows do not care about rain and do not walk faster, so their masters have to trodd along with them when leading them to work.



. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu in Edo .


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Related words

***** Cow (Pashu, Gai) The Holy Cow of India

***** 　Running of the Bulls (El Encierro) SPAIN

***** World Kigo Database: Cowbells

***** World Kigo Database: Star Festival (Tanabata)


. Folk Toys and Talismans with the Cow .
丑 /　牛　ushi


. WASHOKU : Beef dishes of Japan

. Legends about ox, bull, cow . . .

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. Lipstick made in the cold (kanbeni, ushibeni) 　
and its history in Edo

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- #ushi #ox #bull #cow -
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Cowbells

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Cowbells (Kuhglocken)

***** Location: Germany, European Alps
***** Season: Summer
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation


http://www.kleine-glocken.de/c13.html

During the summer months, the cows are brought to the high alms in the European Alps to eat fresh grass, while the cowboys and their wives make delicious cheese from the milk. You all know the great Swiss Cheese. The cows are brought down to the villages again in autumn, around october.
See the related words below.
While the cows are roaming freely, the sound of the cowbell tells the guardian where they are. The leading bull gets a most nicely decorated cowbell, the pride of its owner.

There are quite a lot of them to be seen here. The above photo is also from this online store.
http://www.kleine-glocken.de/c17.html


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Worldwide use

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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

eine Biene
krabbelt in einen Krokus –
Kuhglocken

a bee
crawls into a crocus
cowbells

Dietmar Tauchner

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in the drizzle
snatches of conversation
distant cowbells

im Nieselregen
Fetzen eines Gespräches
Kuhglocken aus der Ferne

Angelee Deodhar
http://www.tempslibres.org/sites/ang/hku/ang05.html

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Almauftrieb -
the smelly fart
of an old cow


Astrid Abendrot, 2002


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alpine pasture -
the tinkle of cowbells
in my dreams

Norman Darlington (Hermitage 2004)
http://xaiku.com/haiku/norman/summer.htm

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planinska koča -
skozi zračnik v stranišču
kravji zvonec

mountain hut -
through the toilet vent
the cowbell

From the book "Candy in the Rain", by Edin Saračevic (Slovenia, 2001).
Quoted with permission.
http://xaiku.com/extra/balkany/

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Related words

***** Almauftrieb
Bringing the cows up to the alms pastures
(kigo for spring)
Alpine Pastures, Husbandry: has been going on in the Alps since the La Tène Age (Celts). At first, the high Alpine pastures (alms) were used (Bronze Age relics found) and the valleys were not used until later. The oldest pasture areas bore Celtic, later Rhaeto-Romanic, then German field names.

In places where the permanent settlement is at a high altitude, (e.g. Lech in Vorarlberg, Obergurgl in Tyrol), there are no separate Alpine pastures. In places where the farms are in the valleys, mountain pastures are used in 2 or 3 stages. 2-3 weeks before the actual mountain pasture season, the animals are brought to what is called the "Maiensaess" (= lower pastures, or "Vorsaess", clear patches in the forest belt). The actual Alpine pastures, or alms, themselves are around or above the forest line.

Around 1900, official support of the use of the Alpine pastures was introduced after P. Schuppli's pioneering work in the field. Since 1907, laws for the protection and support of Alpine pastures have been in place.
Everyday language, sagas, customs, popular traditional dress and art clearly demonstrate the significance of Alpine pasture use as an area of life in popular culture.

There is more here:
http://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.a/a313390.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en


© Sarsteinalm
http://www.sarstein.at/o_sa/images_sarstein_almauftrieb_hirschau_2003/hirschau_almauftrieb_2003_01.jpg


More pictures are seen here:
http://www.sarstein.at/index.html?http://www.sarstein.at/o_sa/almauftrieb_hirschaualm_2003.htm

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***** Almabtrieb
Bringing the cows down from the alms (kigo for autumn)


The lead cow gets a beautiful decoration.

http://www.stubai-tal.at/Almab.htm

More photos here:
http://www.bayernservice.de/Almabtrieb.htm

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Cow, Oxen (ushi) Japan

..... Cow (Pashu, Gai) The Holy Cow of India


. WASHOKU
gyuuniku 牛肉 beef, often steak 　


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Couple's Day (fuufu no hi)

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Couple's Day (fuufu no hi, Japan)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late Winter (February 2)
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

Fuufu 夫婦 couple



ふうふ　is a play of Japanese sound of fuu, futatsu (two) about the second day of the second month, also meaning a couple. Fuufuu　（ふうふう） is also the sound you make when blowing on hot food, hence the haiku later on.
Fuufu (夫婦）can also be pronounced “me-oto”.

On November 22, the Japanese celebrate a "Good Couple". 11 sounds like i i (yoi), meaning good.
This day is spelled 11/22 ii fuufu.

November 23
ii fusai no hi いい夫妻の日 day of a good couple
goroawase. 「い(1)い(1)   ふ(2)さい(3)」

The famous story about Takasago is maybe the oldest in Japanese history about a happy couple that lived well into their 100 years.

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The Takasago Legend 高砂伝説



This legend is one of the oldest in Japanese mythology.
An old couple - his name is Joo (尉) and hers is Uba (媼) known together as Jotomba - are said to appear from the mist at Lake Takasago. The old man and his wife are usually portrayed talking happily together with a pine tree in the background. Signifying, as they do, a couple living in perfect harmony until they grow old together, they have long been a symbol of the happiness of family life.

The story is portrayed in a famous Noo play "Takasago no Uta":
At Takasago Shrine there is a very old pine tree, the trunk of which is bifurcated (相生の松); in it dwells the spirit of the Maiden of Takasago who was seen once by the son of Izanagi who fell in love and wedded her. Both lived to a very great age, dying at the same hour on the same day, and since then their spirits abide in the tree, but on moonlight nights they return to human shape to revisit the scene of their earthly felicity and pursue their work of gathering pine needles. His pine tree is also called "The Pine of Sumi-no-e" (住吉の松) and hers is the Takasago pine (高砂の松). The old woman is using a broom to sweep away trouble and he carries a rake to rake in good fortune.
In Japanese this is also a play of words with "One Hundred Years" (hyaku > haku > sweeping the floor) and "until 99 years" (kuju ku made > kumade, meaning a rake).

In Japan, at wedding ceremonies, the Takasago song is recited and Takasago figures are put on a special "Island Shelf" called called Shimadai (島台) together with auspicious Pine-Bamboo-Plum and Crane with Turtle decorations placed in the wedding room and presented to the bridal couple.

Depictions of the Takasago figures can be made from lacquer, ceramics, wood carvings and textiles and are to invoke a long and fruitful married life for the newlyweds. These figurines are also given as presents for a wedding aniversary of 25 or 50 or more years. For the diamond wedding aniversary of 60 years, some communities also give Takasago Dolls to the happy couple.

Gabi Greve

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

Read more about this auspicious day, about a No-play, the Takasago Shrine and much more in my story here:

. Meoto Daruma and Takasago - 夫婦だるま / 高砂



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HAIKU



Couple's Day
during all seasons
spring in the air

Gabi Greve

Doosojin 道祖神 Dosojin the Wayside Gods


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fuufu suru fuufu nakayoku o-misoshiru

blowing it cool -
the old couple
slurping soup

Gabi Greve
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/happyhaiku/message/25

Some Japanese Versions, kindly made by Susumu Takiguchi

アスパラと鮭の汁吸ひ初老かな
asupara to shake no shiru sui shoroh kana

drinking soup of
asparagus and salmon
the old couple

鮭汁を共に分けあふ初老かな
shake-jiru o tomo ni wake-au shoroo kana

salmon soup -
sharing it together
the old couple

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country lane
the old couple
hand in hand

kirsty

Japanese Translation by Susumu Takiguchi

老夫婦手取りあひて田舎道
roo-fuufu te tori-aite inaka-michi

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Related words


wagimoko, wagi moko 吾妹子 "my dear wife"
my beloved


Haiku about one's wife are called
wagimoko haiku 吾妹子俳句.

Haiku about one's childre are called
ako haiku　吾子俳句.


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吾妹子の肌なまめかしなつの蝶
wagimoko no hada namamekashi natsu no choo

the skin of my dear wife
is so sensuous -
butterfly in summer

Taneda Santoka (Taneda Santooka) 種田山頭火


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camellia buds -
my wife begins
to cradle her belly

Jonny Davey, USA


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***** Mandarin Ducks, symbol for a happy couple




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. Tanabata and a Heavenly Couple .


. Woman and KIGO


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Clear Autumn Sky (ten takashi)

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High and Clear Autumn Sky (ten takashi) Japan

***** Location: Japan, worldwide
***** Season: All Autumn
***** Category: Heavens

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Explanation

"high sky", "high heaven", ten takashi 天高し
Clear autumn sky, high autumn sky
..... shuukoo, aki takashi 秋高し
refers also to the bright blue sky of autumn. It is different from the English "high autumn".

空高し sora takashi, the heaven is high

This is one of my favorite kigo. It really brings out the joy of a cool crisp day after the long, humid summer!

Gabi Greve

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The Autumn is high, aki takashi

this image comes from an old Chinese poem by To Shingen. He referred to the brave soldiers at the Northern fronts of China and their horses, but later the expression became known as a nature kigo in Japan.

秋高くして塞馬(さいば)肥えたり
杜審言(としんげん) Du Shenyan (To Shingen)

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High Autumn Sky in the Evening



From a whole page of superb photos from Sky and Clouds
http://kilkhor.cc.iwate-u.ac.jp/sperng/sora.htm

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

Beutiful picture of a clear autumn sky over Kyoto
A nice page about the Philosopher's Walk in Kyoto
http://fromkyoto.jugem.jp/?eid=117

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A page with translations of Chinise classical literature, including Tang poetry.

CHINESE CLASSICS& TRANSLATIONS
唐 Tang Shi Tang Poetry

http://afpc.asso.fr/wengu/wg/wengu.php?l=bienvenue

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HAIKU

寒月や門なき寺の天高し　　
kangetsu ya mon naki tera no ten takashi

cold moon -
a temple without gate and
the high autumn sky
Tr. Gabi Greve



A lua fria —
Sobre o templo sem portão,
O céu tão alto.
http://www.kakinet.com/caqui/antojapin.shtml

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村　visiting temples .




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high autumn sky -
the soaring hawk
takes my soul


.. .. ..


mata hitotsu
kabe ni ana ari
ten takashi

another crack
in the old farmhouse wall -
bright autumn sky

(after an earthquake, August 2005)

Gabi Greve

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high sky:
clouds above the mist
on the cotton fields

"chibi" (pen-name for Dennis M. Holmes)



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Clear autumn sky
the last athletic meet
in high school life

Naho Miyazaki
http://www.shiramizu.org/~haiku/haiku96/japan.html


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looking up
what a high pagoda
in the autumn sky

Masaoka Shiki

This haiku just has a right direct expression of the great three storied pagoda, soaring to the clear autumn sky.
http://shiki1.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp/~shiki/kim/discovery_contents.html

A clear sky spread out
over the sea, sun went down
over the Ko-Fuji in autumn

Masaoka Shiki
http://www.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/KUHI/ENG/kuhieng36.html


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天高し坂越の浦の櫂伝馬





A great link with photos and local festival music by Wada san.
http://wadaphoto.jp/maturi/sakosi2.htm


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high autumn sky...
a crow attacks the buzzard
who doesn't mind

visoko nebo...
vrana napada škanjca
koji ne mari

- Shared by Tomislav Maretic -
Joys of Japan, October 2012



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Photo by Gabi Greve, (C) 2004
http://happyhaiku.blogspot.com/2004/11/clouds-in-my-valley.html

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Related words

***** Traveler's Sky (tabi no sora 旅の空) 　


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Christmas and Jesus

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Christmas, Weihnachten

***** Location: Worldwide
***** Season: Mid-Winter
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

Christmas is the celebration of the Birth of Jesus Christ. It is celebrated in Christian Communities all over the world.
Here we can only highlight some of the different customs and activities during this time.

Gabi Greve




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kigo related to Christmas

kurisumasu クリスマス Christmas, Weihnachten
kirisuto kootansai キリスト降誕祭（きりすとこうたんさい）
birth of Christ
..... kootansai 降誕祭（こうたんさい）
..... seitansai 聖誕祭（せいたんさい）"holy birthday"
..... gokootansetsu 御降誕節（ごこうたんせつ）

kurisumasu oo-uridashi
クリスマス大売出し（くりすますおおうりだし）
Christmas sale


seiju 聖樹（せいじゅ）"holy tree", Tannenbaum
kurisumasu ibu クリスマスイブ Christmas eve

seiya 聖夜（せいや）Holy Night
seiyageki 聖夜劇（せいやげき）"Holy Night performance"
Krippenspiel

kurisumasu kaado クリスマスカード Christmas card
kurisumasu kyaroru クリスマスキャロル Christmas carol
Weihnachtslied

seika 聖菓（せいか）"Holy Cake", Christmas cake


. Christian Celebrations in Winter
　




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Some nice Christmas web pages...

Winter Santa Scene (with music)
http://jsmagic.net/emissarypage8/


Singing Christmas Tree
http://wilstar.com/xmas/xmasjuke.htm


The Christmas tree site has all my favorite carols you can sing with including, I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus! This will be found at the Mistletoe .

Michael Baribeau


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church window --
Christ reaching out through
metal bars

Photo and Haiku : Isabelle Prondzynski


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a vigil candle
drowns its flame ...
wooden Jesus


first day of Ghost Month ...
will Jesus and Buddha dwell
as my neighbors?

Chen-ou Liu : Poetry in the Moment


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my Jesus ...
sitting by my side
as I weep

Wilfredo R. Bongcaron Manila, Philippines


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Worldwide use

Australia and Southern Hemisphere

kigo for mid-summer

　
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Denmark

The main festival of the year in Denmark is Christmas. Danes celebrate Christmas Eve on December 24 and prolong the Christmas through December 25 and 26. Though many longstanding traditions have disappeared over the years, many traditions such as the family gathering at Christmas, lighting Christmas tree candles, and the month-long calendar candy are still celebrated today.

On Christmas Eve, after a splendid of traditional goose, Danish families light candles on the beautifully decorated Christmas tree. After dancing round the tree, singing traditional songs, the members of the family exchange gifts. Some of the family will probably have attended church services in the afternoon.

Christmas in Danish is called Jul, an old Nordic word for "feast", and it is the biggest holiday in Denmark with traditions that go back centuries.

http://www.californiamall.com/holidaytraditions/traditions-Denmark.htm

My family celebrates our Danish heritage with Chicken and dumpling soup for Christmas Eve dinner...I learned how to make it when I was eight years old. Every year, we bring out my great grandmothers letter to my mother with the recipe on it, even though we know the recipe by heart.
Kate Steere


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Guyana

kigo for the wet season

Christmas is consider in Guyana as the Season of Goodwill.

hard rain
in the Season
of Goodwill

Kenneth Daniels, Guyana, 2009


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Japan

Shingō (新郷村, Shingō-mura) Shingo village
is a village located in the Sannohe District of south-central Aomori Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan.
The village promotes itself as the home of the
Grave of Christ (キリストの墓, Kirisuto no Haka) after a local legend.

Shingō village claims to be the last resting-place of Jesus, buried in the "Tomb of Jesus." According to the village's claims, Jesus Christ did not die on the cross at Golgotha. Instead his brother, Isukiri, took his place on the cross, while Jesus fled across Siberia to Mutsu Province, in northern Japan, where he became a rice farmer, married, and raised a family near what is now Shingō.
Entrepreneurs sell memorabilia and Jesus souvenirs to the tourists. Another tomb in Shingō is said to contain an ear of the brother of Jesus and a lock of hair from the Virgin Mary. The claims started in 1933 after the discovery of supposed "ancient Hebrew documents detailing Jesus' life and death in Japan" that was supposedly the testament of Jesus. These documents were allegedly seized by the Japanese authorities and taken to Tokyo shortly before World War II and have not been seen since.

The English text on the sign explaining the legend of the Tomb of Christ reads:

When Jesus Christ was 21 years old, he came to Japan and pursued knowledge of divinity for 12 years. He went back to Judea at age 33 and engaged in his mission. However, at that time, people in Judea would not accept Christ's preaching. Instead, they arrested him and tried to crucify him on a cross. His younger brother, Isukiri casually took Christ's place and ended his life on the cross.
Christ, who escaped the crucifixion, went through the ups and downs of travel, and again came to Japan. He settled right here in what is now called Herai Village, and died at the age of 106. On this holy ground, there is dedicated a burial mound on the right to deify Christ, and a grave on the left to deify Isukiri. The above description was given in a testament by Jesus Christ.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Trinidad and Tobago

Here in T&T iwe are in the 12th day of what our radio stations call One Hundred Days of Christmas.

Gillena Cox


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Things found on the way

Haibun by Isabelle Prondzynski

Christmas greetings from Ireland!

We decorated the Christmas tree, fresh from our woods, on 23 December, ready for Christmas Eve festivities the following night :

Christmas tree
among sweets and tinsel
a spider's web

It was the first white Christmas for years -- we woke up on Christmas Day to gently falling snow. This has thawed slowly and frozen over, so the Christmas moon tonight is reflected by what remains of it -- a beautiful sight.

Christmas moon
dogs out sniffing
in the snow

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India
More than one billion people live in India. The most common religion is the Hinduism (about 80 per cent of the population is Hindu) and the Islam (about 11 per cent). Other religious sects, for example Christian denominations, are not very important in per cent. But expressed in figures are quite a few Christians in India and so there are certain Christmas customs on the subcontinent as well.
www.global-christmas.com/


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Christmas around the World


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HAIKU

デウス様自転している花の庭
Deus sama jiten shite　iru hana no niwa

Dear God !
the garden with flowers
is going in circles

Nakamura Yasunobu 中村安伸

flowers, refers to cherry blossoms


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Danish dumplings
made from scratch
every year

Kate Steere

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Heiligabend -
keinen Parkschein
gezogen

Christmas eve -
forgot to get
a parking ticket
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Gerd Börner

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after Christmas
she gives a used card
to her co-homeless friend

Vic Gendrano
http://www.geocities.com/vgendrano/index.html

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Christmas mass
bells boom at midnight
Christ is born

Christmas service
children hugging their
parents and toys

Isabelle Prondzynski

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christmas morning
the full moon sets
at dawn

christmas eve
a smiling moon
sets

susan delphine delaney


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car wreckage--
'Christmas' scribbled on
the dust film

at the bus stop--
his family and a barking
puppy in a cotton

festive month--
Christmas tones from the
blind beggar's flute

December dusk--
mall's Santa dances to
two laughing girls

a colourful night--
flickering fruits hang loose
on the stall window

Caleb David Mutua, Kenya, 2009

Kenya Saijiki Forum


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Christmas alone ...
above the old elm
a moonless sky

聖夜一人
古い楡の上
月なき空
(Tr. Nakamura Sakuo)


Joshua Sellers
December 2009
Translating Haiku Forum


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Christmas day--
myriad colours of feathers
at the chicken stand


Christmas morning--
she cuts dangling threads
off her son's new suit

Read more of the impressions from

Caleb Mutua, Kenya 2010


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Related words

***** > . Christmas Tree

***** > . Christmas Moon

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christmas cake クリスマスケーキ
WASHOKU ... Japanese Food SAIJIKI
Weihnachtsstollen, Stollen



***** . Christian Celebrations in Winter
　

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Christmas Tree

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO　　TOP . ]
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Christmas Tree,
Weihnachtsbaum, Tannenbaum

***** Location: Worldwide
***** Season: Mid-Winter
***** Category: Humanities

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Explanation


http://www.david-armstrong.com/christ.html

tree trimming
decorating the tree

. . . CLICK here for Tree Photos !


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The origin of the Christmas tree is the region of the Alsace between Germany and France.

History of the Christmas Tree

The decorated Christmas tree can be traced back to the ancient Romans who during their winter festival decorated trees with small pieces of metal during Saturnalia, a winter festival in honor of Saturnus, the god of agriculture.

An evergreen, the Paradise tree, was decorated with apples as a symbol of the feast of Adam and Eve held on December 24th during the middle ages.

Christmas trees were sold in Alsace in 1531. Alsace was at that time a part of Germany. Today it is part of France. The trees were sold at local markets and set up in homes undecorated. In the Ammerschweier in Alsace there was an ordinance that stated no person "shall have for Christmas more than one bush of more than eight shoe lengths."

Sixteenth century folklore credited Martin Luther as being the first to decorate an indoor tree. After a walk through a forest of evergreens with shining stars overhead, Luther tried to describe the experience to his family and showed them by bringing a tree into their home and decorating it with candles. Some historians state that the first evidence of a lighted tree appeared more than a century after Martin Luther's death in 1546.

The oldest record of a decorated Christmas tree came from a 1605 diary found in Strasburg, France (Germany in 1605). The tree was decorated with paper roses, apples and candies.
In Austria & Germany during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the tops of evergreens were cut and hung upside down in a living room corner. They were decorated with apples, nuts and strips of red paper.

The first record of Christmas trees in America was for children in the German Moravian Church's settlement in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, Christmas 1747. Actual trees were not decorated, but wooden pyramids covered with evergreen branches were decorated with candles.

Read a lot more here:
http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/trees/traditions.html

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Christmas Tree Ikebana by Erika Schwalm, 2005

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Christmas Tree Facts
Christmas trees have been sold commercially in the United states since about 1850. Until fairly recently, all Christmas trees came from the forest.

The best selling trees are Scotch pine, Douglas fir, Noble fir, Fraser fir, Virginia pine, Balsam fir and white pine.

Read it all here:
http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/trees/


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Worldwide use

Brussels, Belgium

One special part of this end of the Christmas season in Brussels (Belgium) is the public collection of Christmas trees, which this year took place on 9 January. Householders are informed and, on that day, everyone should place their undecorated Christmas trees in front of their houses in the street, where the public authorities will collect them and recycle them for use of the shredded wood in the public parks.

Very few Christmas trees miss this collection date, and if they are put out with the rubbish afterwards, they have to be cut up and placed into the usual plastic bags for collection.

Isabelle Prondzynski
Kigo Hotline, January 2011


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Things found on the way

Haibun by Michael Baribeau

Tree Farm Hayride Santa

Last week I took my son Lee to Harts Tree Farm in Rockford, Michigan, USA to cut our own Christmas tree. Michigan is one of the largest producers of evergreens for Christmas trees, some 6 million each year. The tree farms have become quite an operation with a little petting zoo, pony ride, hayrides, hot apple cider and hotdogs.

tree farm
picturing my ceiling
above the douglas fir





tree farm
Santa driving
the tractor

or for buying pre-cut trees at impromptued lots...

Christmas tree lot
wondering which one
will live longest

Michael Baribeau, 2005


Christmas tree lights --
from the couch I listen
to my father sleeping

Michael Baribeau, 2006

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HAIKU

Here is a heartwarming link of Children's haiku about Christmas.

In December, Mr Jones asked us to write Haiku on Christmas themes. We wrote a few together on the whiteboard and then we wrote our own. Here are the results. We hope you enjoy reading them.

Christmas is coming
Toys under the Christmas tree
Then we open them

Stefan, 5 years

Baubles on the tree
Lots of presents for us all
Oh, how exciting.

Trimmings on the tree
Santa puts toys on the tree
I like Christmas Day

Samantha, 4 years
http://www.porthjuniors.ndo.co.uk/MyEnglsihSet/christmas_haiku.htm

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Christmas Haiku by Tom Brinck
skating on the lake,
a tree ornament
half-buried in snow

Read the whole set of it
http://www.iowachristmastree.com/christmas_haiku.html

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at the garbage
a Christmas tree-
makes a good meal for a moose

Fred Masarani
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/cherrypoetryclub/message/21202
http://community-2.webtv.net/fmas/HaikuByFredMasarani/


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Related words

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Christmas
. Christmas Moon
. Christmas Tree


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Back to the Worldkigo Index

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Chrysanthemum (kiku)

[ . BACK to Worldkigo TOP . ]
. kiku 菊と伝説 Legends about chrysanthemum .
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Chrysanthemum (kiku)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All Autumn and others, see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation


by Ogata Gekko - Viewing Chrysanthemums


Many Japanese kigo in connection with Chrysanthemums:

hatsugiku 初菊（はつぎく）first chrysanthemum

white chrysanthemum, shiragiku　白菊
yellow chrysanthemum, kigiku 黄菊

fine weather to enjoy chrysanthemums, kikubiyori 菊日和

crowded chrysanthemums,　rangiku 乱菊
home full of chrysanthemums, kiku no yado　菊の宿
time for the chrysanthemums, kikudoki　菊時
park with chrysanthemums, sono no kiku 園の菊（そののきく）
friends enjoying chrysanthemums, kiku no tomo 菊の友（きくのとも）
owner of chrysanthemums, kiku no aruji 菊の主（きくのあるじ）

dew on chrysanthemums, kiku no tsuyu 菊の露
- chrysanthemum dew

Chiyomigusa 千代見草　("live to see 1000 generations")
Manjuugiku 万寿喜久 (Long Life Chrysanthemum)
Kisewata 着せ綿 ("under the cotton blanket")
Koganegusa 黄金草（こがねぐさ）"golden plant"
Yowaigusa 齢草（よわいぐさ）
Shimomigusa 霜見草（しもみぐさ）"plant seeing frost"
..... Hatsumigusa 初見草（はつみぐさ）

kogiku 小菊（こぎく） small chrysanthemum
kiku dairin 菊大輪（きくたいりん）large round chrysanthemum
magaki no kiku 籬の菊（まがきのきく）rough fence with chrysanthemums
kikubatake 菊畑（きくばたけ）field with chrysanthemums

hyakujgiku 百菊（ひゃくぎく）
"one hundred different types of chrysanthemums"


source :　facebook

If you look closely, there is only one stem and more than 100 different flowers from the many branches. IT was quite an art to prepare this "tree".

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kigo for late autumn

zangiku 残菊 (ざんぎく) remaining chrysanthemum
..... nokoru kiku 残る菊（のこるきく）
..... kiku nokoru 菊残る（きくのこる）

bangiku 晩菊 (ばんぎく) late blooming chrysanthemum

observance kigo for late autumn

kiku kuyoo 菊供養 (きくくよう) memorial ritual for chrysanthemums

18th of October
At the Asakusa Temple in Tokyo.
People by the chrysanthemums offered at stalls and persent them on the altar as an offering to the Kannon deity. Then they take a flower which had been offered by someone else and take it home. This is their amulet for warding off evil influence in the coming year.

. Asakusa Kannon　浅草観音 Tokyo .


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observance kigo for mid-autumn
sometimes placed as late autumn of the new calendar.


chrysanthemum festival 菊の節句 (きくのせっく) kiku no sekku
September 9, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month


. chooyoo 重陽 (ちょうよう) chrysanthemum festival, double nine festival
Chrysanthemen-Fest 　
Observance kigo for late autumn





Chrysanthemum-Dolls　菊人形 kiku-ningyoo
They are displayed in many temple grounds and prizes are given for the most beautiful ones.
. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


悪役の菊人形がよく匂ふ
akuyaku no kiku ningyoo ga yoku niou

a chrysanthemum doll
playing the bad guy
smells strong
Tr. Fay Aoyagi

Kanno Tadao 菅野忠夫


. Daruma as Chrysanthemum Doll 　


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plant kigo for all winter

karegiku 枯れ菊　. 枯菊 (かれぎく) withered chrysanthemum
kiku karu 菊枯る (きくかる) chrysanthemums wither
..... kiku karuru 菊枯るる（きくかるる）
kare nokoru kiku 枯残る菊（かれのこるきく）withered chrysanthemums left
itegiku 凍菊（いてぎく） chrysanthemum in the cold



kangiku 寒菊 (かんぎく) chrysanthemum in the cold
shimo no kiku 霜の菊（しものきく） chrysanthemum in frost

fuyugiku 冬菊 ふゆぎく winter chrysanthemum
.... fuyu no kiku 冬の菊（ふゆのきく）

other names for the chrysanthemum in winter
hatsumigusa 初見草（はつみぐさ）"plant first seen"
shimomigusa 霜見草（しもみぐさ）"frost viewing plant"
yukimigusa 雪見草（ゆきみぐさ）"snow viewing plant"
akinakgusa 秋無草（あきなぐさ）"plant without autumn"
nokorigusa のこり草（のころぐさ）"left over plant"


寒菊や醴造る窓の前　
kangiku ya amazake tsukuru mado no saki

寒菊や粉糠のかかる臼の端
kangiku ya ko nuka no kakaru usu no hata

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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plant kigo for mid-winter

kiku no toojime 菊の冬至芽（きくのとうじめ）
chrysanthemum budding at the winter solstice


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by Tsuchiya Koitsu

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Chrysanthemums have been cultivated in Japan since the Nara period. At the Heian court, Chrysanthemum shows and poetry assemblies were very popular.

Chrysanthemums became the symbol of the imperial family of Japan at the time of Emperor Gotoba 後鳥羽 (1180-1239), who loved this flower very much.




As a symbol for long life, the chrysanthemum was already popular in ancient China. Together with Buddhism and other cultural topics the flowers were brought back to Japan by the ambassadors to China (kenzuishi, kentooshi, see below).
To collect the dew on the chrysanthemum petals and drink it would bring you long life (chooju 長寿). The Flower Festival on the 9th of September is also one to celebrate one's wish for longevity 不老長寿.

As an auspicious symbol of long life (kisshoo monyoo 吉祥文様) the chrysanthemum was used for many decoration, on embroydered kimono and as sweets (wagashi).
The Chinese boy Kikujidoo　菊慈童　（きくじどう）drank the dew of the chrysanthemum and lived to gain immortality without ageing, or rather to the ripe age of 800 years. This legend was later incorporated into a famous Noh drama.

To grow big chrysanthemums for the autumn exhibitions is rather difficult. You have to care for the flower in special ways.

Look at : Big Round Heads, atsumono 厚物　
They are said to imitate the Buddhist symbol of a wishfulfilling jewel (hooju 宝珠).

Three flowers from one stem are called "sanbon jitate 三本仕立". They represent Heaven, Earth and Man (ten chi jin 天地人). This is a symbol for "all things shinra banshoo 森羅万象", the cosmos, nature and human society.



Another type looks like 　"hanging from a cliff", kengaigiku 懸崖菊
(click for some photos) .
kigo for late autumn


Here are some photos from "one thousand flowers from one stem 　"one thousand flowers from one stem" senrinsaki 千輪咲き .

Chrysanthemums start to flower after the autumn solstice. They need long hours of darkness, before they start producing their buds. They flower long into winter and enchant us with their manyfold colors and forms.



. kikuzuki 菊月（きくづき）chrysanthemum month 　
... kikuzakizuki 菊咲月（きくざきづき）
kiku no aki 菊の秋（きくのあき）autumn with chrysanthemums



　kiku makura 菊枕 (きくまくら) "chrysanthemum pillow"

Gabi Greve

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purple chrysanthemums, murasaki mum

murasakigiku 紫菊
In memory of the Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu.

. The Tale of Genji, Genji Monogatari ... and haiku



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Worldwide use

Romania

Crizanteme
The floral autumn kigo par excellence.

the chrysanthemums—
left alone under the clouds
withstanding the wind

the owner is late
three chrysanthemums are left
on the piano

she will catch a cold:
watching the chrysanthemums
she forgot her coat

Cristian Mocanu
Romanian Saijiki

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the butterfly grown old,
its spirit plays
with the chrysanthemums

Seifu Enomoto

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Things found on the way

Sweets and the Chrysanthemum, the Culture of Kyoto

Manjuugiku and then Chiyomigusa, another name for the Chrysanthemum with the wish for a long life, is also the name of a small sweet Japanese cake made by in Kyoto.




"Under the cotton blanket", kisewata 着せ綿, reminds of a custom in the Heian period to put a cotton blanket over the flowers at night and then wipe their own body with this in hope to gain longevity.


www.kaho-fukuoka.co.jp/image/2004-10/kisewata.jpg


This is a cake in honor of the "Chinese Chrysanthemum Boy (kiku jidoo)"



Photo of the Manjuugiku sweet cake for Long Life

Click HERE to look at more sweet cakes with chrysanthemums !

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chrysanthemum:
the last-ing taste of
blowfish flesh

Chibi

Chibi is referring to Fugu, a poisonous fish prepared in this manner:

http://www.daifuku.net/ft-02.html


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isogiku いそぎく(磯菊) silver and gold chrysanthemum
a wild kind. Ajania pacifica, chrysanthemum pacificum.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


磯菊に林檎を乗せるあぶない夜
isogiku ni ringoo o nosete abunai yo

placing an apple
on the isogiku chrysanthemum ...
a dangerous night

Noraneko
Tr. Gabi Greve

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HAIKU

- - - - - Matsuo Basho　松尾芭蕉

朝茶飲む僧静かなり菊の花
asacha nomu soo shizuka nari kiku no hana

drinking morning tea
the monk becomes peaceful -
chrysanthemum flowers
Tr. Gabi Greve


A monk sips morning tea,
It's quiet,
the chrysanthemum's flowering.　
Tr. Hass


At temple Soozuiji 祥端寺, Katada 堅田, Otsu town 大津市
. . . CLICK here for Photos of the stone memorial !



菊の香や庭に切れたる履の底
kiku no ka ya niwa ni kiretaru kutsu no soko

chrysanthemum fragrance—
in the garden, the sole
of a worn-out sandal
Tr. Addiss

元禄6年10月9日 - 1693, October 9
This is just one month after the famous Chrysanthemum Festival.
Basho and his disciples had a late celebration at the home of Yamaguchi Sodoo 山口素堂 Yamaguchi Sodo. They saw the sole of a straw sandal with a broken thong.
They seemed to enjoy the contrast of the elegance of the Chrysanthemum festival with the lost sandal in the garden.


Chrysanthemum Haiku by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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- Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村　 Translations at terebess

asamashiki momo no ochiba ya kikubatake

kangiku ya hi no teru mura no katahotori (1768)

kangiku ya itsu o sakari no tsubomigachi (1768)

kiku no ka ya tsukisumi shimo no keburu yo ni (1776)

. kiku no tsuyu ukete suzuri no inochi kana .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. dew. ink stone

kikutsukuri nanj iwa kiku no yakko naru (1774)

kiku wa ki ni ame orosokani ochiba kana (1777)

mura hyakko kiku naki kado mo mienu kana

shiragiku ni shibashi tayutau hasami kana

shiragiku ya hana ichirin to yubekari

shiragiku ya niwa ni amarite hatake made

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo - Chrysanthemum .
With translations and comment by Chris Drake


大名を味方にもつやきくの花
daimyoo o mikata ni motsu ya kiku no hana


薮原や何の因果で残る菊
yabuhara ya nan no inga de nokoru kiku

and more




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酒臭き黄昏ごろや菊の花
sake kusaki tasogare goro ya kiku no hana

the smell of sake
around about dusk...
chrysanthemum

The Chrysanthemum had special importance to Issa, especially after his 1814 marriage to Kiku, who was named after this flower.

ISSA - Translations by David Lanoue
There are 44 haiku on this ISSA link:
- source : haikuguy.com


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ものいはず客と亭主と白菊と
mono iwazu kyaku to teishu to shiragiku to

nobody talks -
guests and host and
a white chrysanthemum

niemand spricht -
Gaeste und Hausherr und
eine weisse Chrysantheme

Oshima Ryota 大島蓼太
September 9. 1718-1787

Discussing the various translations
Haiku Forum


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残菊の黄をとじこめし氷かな
zangiku no ki o tojikomeshi koori kana

the yellow
of late chrysanthemums all locked up
in ice

Tsuji Momoko 辻桃子


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A wren drinks
from white chrysanthemums -
morning fog

Zhanna P. Rader


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chrysanthemums
her cold wedding ring
in his pocket

Petar Tchouhov, Bulgaria, 2007

Origa writes

A poignant and haunting moment of high significance.The direct yet suggestive picture painted in this haiku shows in a symbolic meaning an ambient harmony of the wedding ring and the seasonal flowers offered to the dead wife. In many countries in Europe, chrysanthemums are the flowers for the dead, they are often seen in cemeteries. Chrysanthemum is also a symbol of longevity in Japan, and as such, in this haiku they suggest that the death/departure survived by a long lasting love and memory of the husband/widower.

Multilayered, skillfully composed, "classic" haiku, with obvious relations to the theme and dedication of this contest -- and needless to say, with such an immediate striking effect on the readers. I would suggest (and I kept it in mind while translating) ellipses at the end of L1, both in English and in Russian versions: it will reinforce the effect of the last departure painted by words in this haiku. Bravo, Petar!


RESULTS of the Sixth Calico Cat haiku contest.
Read more Chrysanthemum haiku from the contest HERE

Origa (Olga Hooper) 2007


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sunshine -
in grandmother's window
a chrysanthemum

Alex Serban, Romania


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Related words

..... Wild Chrysanthemum (nogiku 野菊

婦人会　皆花の咲く　野菊かな

all so active
in the Village Ladies Club -
wild chrysanthemum

Look at the phots by Gabi Greve, September 2006

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***** Spring Chrysanthemum
shungiku 春菊 (しゅんぎく )
leaves of chrysanthemum, kikuna 菊菜（きくな）
..... shingiku しんぎく
Shungiku is often used as food. See WASHOKU SAIJIKI.


seedlings of the chrysanthemum, kiku no nae
菊の苗 (きくのなえ)
kigo for late spring
buds of chrysanthemum, kiku no me 菊の芽（きくのめ）
fresh green of chrysanthemums, kiku no wakaba
菊の若葉 (きくのわかば)


hinagiku 雛菊 (ひなぎ) English daisy

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***** Summer Chrysanthemum
(natsu no kiku, natsugiku　夏菊)


kigo for all summer
Some early blooming types, with white or yellow flowers.


Haiku

夏菊やかるき昼餉の手打そば.. .. ..
natsugiku ya karuki hirumeshi no te-uchi soba

summer chrysanthemums -
for a light lunch
handmade buckwheat noodles
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Usui Musoko (臼井無窓子)
http://www5.ocn.ne.jp/~turu/kukai/g_200407.html


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kigo for early summer

matsubagiku 松葉菊 (まつばぎく) "pine needle chrysanthemum
sabotengiku 仙人掌菊（さぼてんぎく）
Lampranthus spectabilis


yagurumasoo 矢車草 (やぐるまそう) "windmill plant"
yagurumagiku 矢車菊（やぐるまぎく） Rodgersia podophylla

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kigo for mid-summer

jochuugiku 除虫菊 (じょちゅうぎく) nsect powder chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium


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kigo for late summer

Ezogiku 蝦夷菊 (えぞぎく) chrysanthemum from Ezo (Hokkaido
..... ezogiku 晩夏 翠菊（えぞぎく）
asutaa アスター China Aster
Callistephus chinensis


kinkeigiku 錦鶏菊 (きんけいぎく) golden wave
Coreopsis drummondii


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Reference:

Japanese Historic Embassies to China : Kentooshi 遣唐使
by Gabi Greve

Noh Drama of the Chrysanthemum Boy, Photo

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. PLANTS in all seasons - SAIJIKI

WASHOKU ... Japanese Food SAIJIKI

. kiku 菊と伝説 Legends about chrysanthemum .


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