USEFUL LINKS

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.. .. .. .. .. .. Useful Links

See also the right sidebar of this page.

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Kiyose and Saijiki, LINK collection from Gabi Greve



LINKS for translating haiku

LINKS for Place Names used in Haiku


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http://www.gpnc.org/images/gifs/coolness.gif


The traditional Japanese Seasons and 24 seasonal topics
with many useful tables.
http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/calendar.htm


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ARCHAEOASTRONOMY
The term Solstice means "sun stands still". On summer solstice (the longest day of the year) which falls around June 21st and Winter Solstice (the shortest day of the year) which falls around December 21st, the sun will rise over one monolith and set over another. The same thing happens on the Equinoxes. The equinoxes occur when the sun is over the equator. On those days daylight and darkness are equal meaning 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness. The equinoxes are approximately March 21 and September 21.
A lot more interesting information:
http://www.stonehengeusa.com/archaeoastronomy.htm

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About Plants and Herbs
http://nnlm.gov/pnr/uwmhg/comnames.html

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List of Local Winds
http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll118/en/development/types.list.html

Zodiac Constellations (plus) N. Hem. Monthly
...then on click on "Constellations (by month)"
http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/constellations.html

Zodiac Constellations N. Hem. Seasonally
http://homepage.mac.com/kvmagruder/bcp/zodiacal/zoo.htm

Meteor Showers Farmers Almanac
http://www.farmersalmanac.com/astronomy/meteorshowers.html

Constellations Mythology
... http://www.windows.ucar.edu/Constellations/constnavi


Full Moon Names And Their Meanings
http://www.farmersalmanac.com/astronomy/fullmoonnames.html

Frequently Used Moon Definitions And Terms Lunar phases
http://www.farmersalmanac.com/astronomy/astronomy.html

Moon; Special Names
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/the_universe/uts/moon3.html&edu=elem

Prairie Insects in Winter
http://www-ed.fnal.gov/entry_exhibits/prairie_winter/prairie_winter.html

1. Complete Listing of World Wonders
7 wonders of the natural, ancient, and modern world
http://wonderclub.com/AllWorldWonders.html

2. The Seven Natural Wonders Of The World
http://www.planetpals.com/worldwonders.html

Collective Terms for Animals
http://www.askoxford.com/asktheexperts/collective/

Group Names for Birds: A Partial List
http://www.bcpl.net/~tross/gnlist.html

Nature Field Guide by Regions in USA
http://www.enature.com/localguide/localguide_home.asp

Nature Field Guidesidentifying area plants and creatures
http://www.enature.com/guides/select_group.asp

Singing Insects of North America- Katydid
Index to Maps, Photos, Audio Clips, etc.
http://buzz.ifas.ufl.edu/katylist.htm

Singing Insects of North America- Cricket
Index to Maps, Photos, Audio Clips, etc.
http://buzz.ifas.ufl.edu/cricklist.htm#Subfamily%20Gryllinae

Singing Insects of North America HOME
http://buzz.ifas.ufl.edu/index.htm

USA Eastern and Central Tree Identification
http://www.arborday.org/trees/WhatTree.cfm?ItemID=E6A

USA Western Tree Identification
http://www.arborday.org/trees/WhatTree.cfm?ItemID=W6A

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Literary/Haiku Term Glossary
http://www.ahapoetry.com/whbkglo.htm

Japanese/English Kiyose- Shiki Internet Salon
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Column/1122/HAIKSZNS.htm

Japanese/English Kiyose- Shiki Group
http://shiki1.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp/~shiki/kukai.html

Michael Baribeau


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Back to the Worldkigo Index
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/

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General Subjects to be Added

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Susumu Takiguchi anouncing the Database Project.
group/WHCjapan/

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Reference Material from the WHCworldkigo Forum


............. ............... .........The discussion so far
by Gabi Greve, Summer 2005
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHCworldkigo/

Reading all the comments on the subject so far I will try to sum up my thoughts after doing this compiler's job for about a year now.

The World Kigo Database has many functions, as I realized through the many comments and feedback.

First (and foremost for myself)
To promote the understanding of the Japanese kigo, their necessity, their cultural background, their importance and use in Japanese haiku. This has been done by others and will be done again, but I will contribute to this more

because

once haijin worldwide understand the full importance of kigo in Japanese haiku, they will be better equipped to use this understanding in formulating their own kigo in their own regions and cultures.
We will have to induce a “Kigo Boom” in the haiku world! :o) Big Smile!
This is pioneer work.
And this will be a boom in reflecting one’s own culture and the natural environment, with a poetic aspect to give even more pleasure.

Second
We will provide a database of kigo with detailed explanations of their cultural and regional background and common usage in different parts of the world. I emphasize DETAILED, because the internet makes it easy to add many links to someone who has written about that word before in a different context. So we are only compilers of things found worldwide.
And we will try to find three or more haiku with each kigo, but sometimes even one haiku should be enough to get us started.

On this point, I emphasize the importance of the cultural and anthropological aspect. During this year, I learned a lot about other cultures and areas and your comments were the most emotional when you wrote about the joy of learning something hitherto unknown.
To me sometimes it seemed haiku had indeed become the second fiddle and we were all on a huge discovery together, bound by haiku but not limited by it.

Third
Providing regional kiyose seems important, even if they will begin as simple lists with words and few haiku. Here I strongly feel we must lead the way and provide a tool for haijin in areas where there is indeed NO saijiki available that would fit their area. Our database can fill with haiku as we publish our kiyose for various parts of the world and the regional haijin start making use of them. Again, we are doing pioneer work.

Someone has to make the first step, either the chicken or the egg, and here I feel we have to be both, the chicken AND the egg (and the haijin who eats them both! ).

There are many easy links to local holidays, plants or animals of an area now available on the internet which gives us more access to data than ever before in the dark ages of books! I suggest we make good use of this material. Let us use the internet and all its possibilities and google our way to new horizons.
At least I myself enjoy that immensely when compiling material for a kigo. Sometimes it leads to the strangest things “found on the way”, which makes this job so enjoyable for me (and hopefully for the readers too.!)


Bill has given some good examples to support this: The Japanese Saijiki should be the base from where to diverge only if no other possibility is open.

Worldwide phenomenon which are not included in the Japanese saijiki can easily be placed in their proper local season. Comparison with things similar to Japan can give hints as to where a kigo should go.
“Compromise” will be a big word to use often!

Determining the proper season for a regional kigo will be our active homework for quite a while, I guess.
The basics, as formulated in the beginning of this entry, are still valid, I feel.

Gabi Greve, Summer 2005

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Discussion about the Seasons
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHCworldkigo/message/806

Bill Higginson about Seasons and Saijiki
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHCworldkigo/message/660

Topical Saijiki and the Seasons / Bill Higginson (June 2005)

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* Comments of members on an article about
KIGO in the Wikipedia
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/12/general-information.html

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Problems of traditional Japanese haiku schools and their saijiki. (Chibi June 2005)
Tradition of compiling a SAIJIKI
Authorization of a saijiki, ongoing discussion / Bill Higgionson



Discussion about the Seasons, July 2005
Topical Saijiki and the Seasons / Bill Higginson
Re: Topical Saijiki and the Seasons / Bill Higginson (Chibi)
Re: Topical Saijiki and the Seasons / Bill Higginson (Isabelle)
Topical Saijiki-just some thoughts (Cristi)
Saijiki and Seasons (Bill Higginson responds)

Assigning a word as kigo / Bill Higginson January 2006


Discussions about non-seasonal haiku topics

Read Bill Higginson on this problem:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHCworldkigo/message/357


Hot and Cold Coffee , a discussion
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHCworldkigo/message/661


See Bill Higginson's advise on two or more season words:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHCworldkigo/message/842
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHCworldkigo/message/846


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THE HAIKU DATABASE
is an attempt to put into a searchable, sortable, electronic database all important haiku that have appeared in English. I began working on the project in September 1998 and so far (March 2004) have captured 98,500 haiku.

Contact Charles Trumbull for more haiku with special kigo at
THE HAIKU DATABASE PROJECT　 　


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More to be added.


Gabi Greve

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To the World Kigo Database Index
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/

Preparing an Entry of a Kigo

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Submit your haiku !

Just add it as a comment to the BLOG entry where it belongs.
I will pick it up from there.

Or send it directly to me:
worldkigo .....

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Submit your regional kigo !

Best read at least about 10 examples of existing entries to get a feeling for the information we are trying to put together.

Next

Read the section about Seasons and Categories

to make yourself familiar with these concepts.

Check the general index and the latest additions, to make sure the kigo is not already on our list. Check for various synonymes too.
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/
.. Latest Additions ..

Next

Send me the information and haiku you would like to submit as a new kigo entry.

That is all !


You can write your own text of explanation, giving your full name at the end of the paragraph.

You can add internet information, quoting the important parts and never forget to add the LINK adress at the end of it. Also give the LINK for photos you want to be added or send your own photos to me.

If you quote the name of a haiku poet, please add the Code for the Country , if you know where he lives.
(Example: Gabi Greve, JP)


For now, never forget to have fun while you are doing it.
Imagine you are explaining to a child which does not know about “this-special-kigo” and you are trying to convey the meaning, thus learning a lot about your own culture in the end, I am sure.

If you are really serious, we can start your own saijiki about your area and add a lot more haiku and information as we go on. There are no deadlines involved.


Only for advanced HTML users:
Template for an Entry

Gabi Greve

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Topical Saijiki Preparations

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.. .. .. .. .. .. Topical Saijiki and Kiyose

Special areas of the world or special topics deserve their own saijiki.

Here in our database we will take two steps in preparing such material.


... ... ... First Step
prepare a list of these kigo (kiyose) for your area or topic according to the Seasons and Categories and the template given below. The template is for the northern hemisphere.
There will be different templates for the tropics (see the KENYA and Tropical Saijiki ) and other regions.
The list can be updated at any time, I suggest we start with 10 kigo as the lowest limit for a topical saijiki.

Do not use any boxes or special formatting in your presentation.


SEASONS
Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter and the New Year.
Each season comes in four sections: early, middle, late and all the three of them.

SIX CATEGORIES
Season, Heaven, Earth, Humanity, Observances, Animals and Plants.

In this file, you can also add some general links to introduce your area or topic in more detail.



... ... ... Second step
prepare the individual entries for a kigo, as stated here in
ENTRY: Preparing your Entry for a Kigo

The entries will then be linked to the kiyose and to our general index. There are no deadlines for doing any of this. Take your time and enjoy the process while you do it!

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For Kenya and the tropics, I started a separate BLOG, since this material is hopefully going to grow and is then easier to handle.
If anyone has a better idea with the online proceedings or would offer his/her help with preparing HTM files, you are most welcome!


Check the following examples
German Kiyose
Kenya Saijiki
Saijiki for Buddhist Events

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Discussion on this subject is welcome!

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............................... TEMPLATE
Copy it and fill in the relevant items, nof formatted is better for later processing.
I will later add colors for the background as in the Saijiki for Buddhist Events .


Saijiki for xxx (area or topic)

Introducing xxx

your own text

text quoted from the www
http: xxx . html


.. .. .. SPRING

Season

English word (word in your language)
short information might be added here, up to three lines.

Heaven

Earth

Humanity

Observances

Animals

Plants



.. .. .. SUMMER

Season

Heaven

Earth

Humanity

Observances

Animals

Plants



.. .. .. AUTUMN

Season

Heaven

Earth

Humanity

Observances

Animals

Plants



.. .. .. WINTER

Season

Heaven

Earth

Humanity

Observances

Animals

Plants



.. .. .. NEW YEAR

Season

Heaven

Earth

Humanity

Observances

Animals

Plants



.. .. .. Non-seasonal Topics

Season

Heaven

Earth

Humanity

Observances

Animals

Plants


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Editor: your name, XX Code for the Country
(Optional: LINK to your homepage : http: xxx . html)

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Copyright Information

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© Copyright Information

This database of seasonal words (kigo) is for educational purposes only. It is addressed to the growing population of haiku poets worldwide to serve as a reference for the use in composing haiku.

This database relies heavily on information, images and haiku found in public domains whilst searching the Internet with YAHOO and GOOGLE. I consider this material officially published, like in a book, and will use it as reference material to illustrate and explain a kigo.
Any copyright material mirrored on these pages is intended for the private personal study of haiku poets or students of Japanese culture only.
Apart from any fair dealing for purposes of study and research, as permitted under the Copyright Law, material will not be used.
When material is copied I give credit to the source directly below the item.


The World Kigo Database is not a haiku magazine.

I do not look for first-publications, I just reference anything that I find on the WWW, and also inlclude first contributions send directly to me. But they can be published elsewhere at any time, that is up to the poet.
The kigo database project does not claim any rights for first publications, it is only a reference database.

The copyright of any haiku included in this database remains with their respective authors.

All translations are the copyright of the translator.


Because of the sheer volume of the database, I do not always find the time to ask individual permission of each poet.

If you (as a copyright owner) feel that your work has been improperly reproduced herein, or misrepresented in any way, or should you feel that I have infringed on your copyright, I kindly ask that you contact me directly with your request to have your material removed.
If I have mistakenly omitted a credit, or given an incorrect credit, please e-mail so I can fix it or remove it from this site.

Dr. Gabi Greve
Daruma Museum, GokuRakuAn, Japan
The World Kigo Database


Information and documentation -- Bibliographic references --
ISO 690-2



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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States

Attribution.
You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).

. ShareAlike Creative Commons .

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Für das Zitieren elektronischer Dokumente im Internet existieren internationale Richtlinien, die ISO-Norm 690-2.

Demnach darf bei einer Quellenangabe für elektronische Dokumente im Internet die URL und das Datum des Abrufs der Informationen nicht fehlen.

©　www.jurpc.de/ Prof. Dr. Maximilian Herberger

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BACK TO
The World Kigo Database

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Waitinglist KIGO

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Waitinglist KIGO


SPRING--THE EARTH

avalanche (nadare, mid spring).


SPRING--HUMANITY

beach combing (shiohigari, late spring).

herb gathering (tsumikusa, all spring).

spring melancholy (shunshuu, all spring).



SPRING--ANIMALS

rising carp (nokkomi buna, late spring).

tadpoles (otamajakushi, late spring).


SPRING--PLANTS

bamboo autumn (take no aki, late spring).

willow fluff (ryuujo, mid spring).

vetch (genge, late spring).

fiddlehead (warabi, mid spring).

reed ears (tsubana, mid spring).

reed sprouts (ashi no tsuno, mid spring).
Lit. 'horns'.

waterweeds grow (mikusa ou, mid spring).


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SUMMER--THE HEAVENS

heat at zenith (hizakari, late summer).

shady side (katakage, late summer).


SUMMER--HUMANITY

people cooling on the porch (hashi-i, all summer).

weir (yana, all summer).


SUMMER--ANIMALS

fawn (kanoko, all summer).

kingfisher (kawasemi, all summer).


SUMMER--PLANTS

fallen evergreen leaves (tokiwagi ochiba, early summer).

phoenix tree [blossoms] (aogiri, all summer).
Firmiana plantanifolia.

rank weeds (kusa ikire, late summer).


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AUTUMN--THE SEASON

desolate (susamaji, late autumn).

refreshing (sawayaka, all autumn).



AUTUMN--THE HEAVENS

autumn color (shuushoku, all autumn).


AUTUMN--HUMANITY

autumn contemplation (shuushi, all autumn).


AUTUMN--ANIMALS

rice sparrows (inesuzume, all autumn).

shrike (mozu, all autumn).

wagtail (sekirei, all autumn).


AUTUMN--PLANTS

Japanese ivy (tsuta, all autumn). Its leaves turn red.

knotgrass (aka no manma, early autumn). Polygonum blumei.

potato (imo, all autumn).

tattered lotus (yarehasu, late autumn).

wind in the reeds (ogi no koe, early autumn).



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WINTER--ANIMALS

sea cucumber (namako, all winter).


WINTER--PLANTS

early plum blossoms (soobai, late winter).

hermit smartweed (senryoo, all winter). A literal translation; for its red berries.

onion (negi, all winter).

spearflower (manryoo, all winter).
Ardisia crenata Sims

spearflower (yabukooji, all winter).
Ardisia japonica Blume


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Back to the Worldkigo Index
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/

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Australian Seasons by John Bird

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The East coast of Australia, near the Queensland / New South Wales border has the following seasons:

Spring -- September, October, November
Summer -- December, January, February
Autumn (Fall) -- March, April, May
Winter -- June, July, August

Contributed by John Bird : An Australian Seasoning

The rest of John's seasoning has been moved to the Australian Saijiki.



　FIRST AUSTRALIAN HAIKU ANTHOLOGY


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The Australian Saijiki

has moved HERE

WKD : Australian Saijiki

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BACK TO ..... World Kigo Database
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/

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Kigo used by ISSA

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. List of kigo used by Issa

The first Kobayashi Issa website was launched in May, 2000 by David Lanoue.
It was created at Xavier University of Louisiana as a rich media project sponsored by the Center for the Advancement of Teaching. In August 2005, with the onslaught of Hurricane Katrina, the university server that housed the Issa archive had to be shut down.
The present website is the archive's new, permanent home.

David Lanoue and the Issa Pages
http://haikuguy.com/issa.html

Sakuo Nakamura paints a haiga for the haiku of Issa and discusses the translations of David here:

Bilingual, mostly Japanese
http://blog.livedoor.jp/sakuo3903/


English Only
http://sakuo3903.blogspot.com/

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Issa also uses a lot of place names, temple names and other words special to Japanese culture. We have explained some of them in the Forum for Translating Haiku, a list for your reference is here !

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..... ..... ..... New Year



Apprentices' Holiday
Dancing Monkey
First Calligraphy
First Drawing of Water
First Dream
First Sky
Kites
New Year's Day
New Year's Greeting
New Year's Pilgrimage
New Year's Pine and Bamboo Decoration
New Year's Present
Picking Young Greens
Spiced Sake

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..... ..... ..... Spring



Baby Sparrow
Bee
Blossom
Bracken
Buddha's Death-Day
Burning Field
Burning Mountain
Butterfly
Cherry Blossom
Departing Geese
Departing Spring
Doll Festival
Frog
Grafting Branches
Heat Shimmers
Horsefly
Kitten
Lark
Long Day
Lover Cat

　Low Tide (shiohi 汐干)
- "tideland at low tide": shiohi-gata 汐干潟 , shio no higata 汐の干潟

Melting Snow
Nightingale
Pheasant
Picking Tea
Plowing Fields
Plum Blossom
Rape Flower
Rice Seedlings
Servants Leave for New Jobs
Silkworm
Spring Breeze
Spring Haze
Spring Mist
Spring Mountain
Spring Peace
Spring Rain
Spring Snow
Swallow
Violet
Willow
Yellow Rose
Young Grass

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..... ..... ..... Summer

Bamboo Shoots
Bat
Buddha's Birthday
Cicada
Cloudburst
Clouds
Cold Jelly
Cooling Oneself
Coolness
Cormorant
Cuckoo
Deutzia
Duckweed
Fan
Fawn
Fifth Month Rain
Firefly
Flea
Fly
Green Rice Field
Heat
Irises
Lotus
Moonflower
Mosquito
Mosquito Larvae
Mosquito Net
Mosquito Smudge Pot
Moss Blossom
Mountain Cuckoo
Parasol
Peony
Pink
Pure Water
Purification Ritual
Rice Dumpling
Rice Planting
Short Night
Siesta
Snail
Summer Grove
Summer Room
Toad
Young Leaves

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..... ..... ..... Autumn

Autumn Departs
Autumn Dusk
Autumn Rain
Autumn Wind
Bird Clapper
Bon Festival Dance
Bon Lantern
Bush Clover
Chestnut
Chrysanthemum
Cold Morning
Cold Night
Cricket
Deer
Dew
Dragonfly
Earthworms Sing
Eclipse
Fireworks
Fulling-block
Geese of Autumn
Harvest Moon
Insect
Katydid
Lightning
Locust
Long Night
Maiden Flower
Milky Way
Mist of Autumn
Moon
Morning-glory
Mushroom
Pampas Grass
Paulownia Leaf
Red Leaves
Rice
Scarecrow
Snake Enters Its Hole
Sumo Wrestling
Tanabata Festival
Wildflower
Woodpecker

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..... ..... ..... Winter


Basho's Death Day
Blizzard
Brazier
Cold
Fallen Leaves
Forgetting the Year
Frost
Gods Depart
Hail
Hunting
Ice
Icicle
Plover
Quilt
Radish
Sled
Snow
Snow Buddha
Snow Pile
Snowball
Soot Sweeping
Ten Nights
Twelfth Month Singers
Winter Moon
Winter Rain
Winter Seclusion fuyugomori
Winter Wind
Withered Field
Wood Fire
Year's End

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Thanks go to David Lanoue
http://haikuguy.com/issa.html

Illustrations by Sakuo Nakamura
http://sakuo3903.blogspot.com/

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Back to the Worldkigo Index

MY Waitinglist

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Waitinglist / Pending Kigo

If you want to add some info to a kigo already in the database, please add it as a comment there or send me an e-mail.

If you want to sugguest a new kigo, make sure to read this first:

ENTRY: Submit and prepare your Entry for a Kigo


And also search the database for synonyms, it might already be there.
Alphabetical Index of World Kigo

Gabi Greve


NEW WAITINGLIST
since 2009


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bunchberry : spring
wood thrush : summer
Alberta Clipper : winter

details see :
3 new kigo, submissions for WHR


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Susumu about Kigo for Neoclassical Haiku
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHChaikuneoclassical/message/2421

Two Kigo and Narcissus / SUSUMU

Re: Season as kigo?

The seasons -- afterthought (Isabaelle, July 2005)
Re: The seasons -- afterthought (CHIBI)


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.......................... check out the comments at the end of this entry for more pending kigo.

......................................... in alphabetical order

blackbird
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/happyhaiku/message/4956


> bobolink
> flying between tufts
> of high grass
>
> bob
bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus




china-berry tree, possible kigo
"china-berry war", summer kigo


click beetle
http://www.answers.com/topic/click-beetle
moonlit -- a click beetle or lightning bug
"chibi" (pen-name for Dennis M. Holmes)

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marsh mallow
http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/galleries/althaeaoffi.html

dawn dithers on dewy marsh mallow -- old levee road

"chibi" (pen-name for Dennis M. Holmes)

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SWEDEN
Kigo from Sweden <> Collecting


Thunderclap ... collecting


Yellow Flames (Peltophorum Pterocarpum) <> Collecting



Kyoto Saijiki (Japanese) 京都歳時記
http://www.kyotocity-taxi.com/saijiki1.htm


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Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
worldkigo .....

Back to the Worldkigo Index
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/


Our Online Archive and Backup for Kigo Entries


SAIKIKI ... LIST
all seasons and categories


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First Sun, First Sunrise, Sun

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***** Location: Japan
***** Season: New Year
***** Category: Heaven


初日　hatsuhi : first sun, first ray of sunlight
初日の出　hatsuhi no de:
first sunrise of the year
..... New Year's sunrise


. gantan 元旦 first day (sun) of the New Year .
ganjitsu 元日 "first day"





Amaterasu Oomikami and Dainichi Nyorai, The Sun Gods
天照大神と大日如来

On the first day of the New Year, the Sun Goddess Amaterasu Oomikami is worshipped in many places of Japan. During the Edo period, is was customary to bow and clap your hands in prayer to the sun, o-tentoo-sama, every morning and also make offerings to the numerous Shinto deities at the small shelf for the Gods (kamidana) in every home.

The Sun Goddess, Queen of Kami, She Who Illuminates the Heavens, the Supreme Shinto Deity. Amaterasu is the child of Izanagi and Izanami (creator gods of Japanese mythology). Japan's imperial family claims direct decent from her line; the nation's flag symbolizes the sun; the name of the country means "Land of the Rising Sun."
Emperor Akihito (the current emperor) is said to be the 125th direct descendant of Emperor Jinmu, Japan's legendary first emperor and a mythical descendent of Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess.
http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/shinto-concepts.shtml

In her Buddhist version, she is adressed to as Dainichi Nyorai, the Great Sun.

He whose name means "Spreader of Light in All Directions." In Japan he is the "Great Solar Buddha of Light and Truth," "The Resplendent One," the "Radiant Preacher."
http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/dainichi.shtml

To worship the sunrise on the first day of the New Year will bring good fortune and health to the human being. Temples and shrines on mountains and at the seaside are crowded with people who keep alert the whole night, warming at large bonfires, trying to catch a first glimpse.

For Japanese, first sunrise of the year is special. It is a kind of spiritual event called "Hatsuhi-no-de" in Japan. Many Japanese wake up early in the New Year's morning to watch the first sunrise and pray to sun for their annual fortunes or wishes. Many places which have a great view of sunrise are always crowded with many people at New Year's Day in Japan.

Here is a link with the above quote and a first sunrise in New Jersey
http://tak-tak.fateback.com/travel/US_Drive/day_9/day9_en.htm


Awakening before sunrise is also considered important, as viewing the first sunrise of the year is thought to be a good and proper start for the New Year. Again, the T.V. networks which have been broadcasting continuously throughout the night, show pictures of the first sunrise breaking at various locations in Japan.


Read more about the New Year customs here !



. Amaterasu Oomikami (Omikami) 天照大神 .


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"Sunrise on New Year's Day at Susaki"
Utagawa (Ando) Hiroshige
(1797-1858)


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observance kigo for the New Year

himachi, hi machi 日待 (ひまち) waiting for the sun
on the first lunar month

On the last day of the year, people stay awake and wait for the first sunrise.
This used to be done also on the first auspicious day of the fifth, ninth and tenth lunar month.

In the first lunar month, this could be the third, 13th, 17th, 23 or 27th night.
People would not eat that night until the first sun of the year was out on the next morning.



special sake for this occasion.


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Mt. Fuji
seen from Temple Minobu-san, a famous place for looking at Mt. Fuji and other Fuji LINKS


http://ytakaki.hp.infoseek.co.jp/fuji/
http://www.fuji-works.com/


More links with wonderful sunrises, there are more than 40.000 hits if you google.

http://www.geocities.co.jp/Athlete-Sparta/8053/hatsuhinode/hatsuhinode.htm

….. in Matsuyama, the town of Shiki, Shikoku
http://www2.osk.3web.ne.jp/~hirodas/oshiro/hatsuhinode.html


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Things found on the way

Great picture gallery of Okinawa
http://www.pbase.com/dbh/okinawa

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.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. First Sunrise 2005

Haibun by Gabi Greve


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HAIKU

cross my heart
it looks huge...
the year's first sun

-Issa, 1820
Tr. David Lanoue
http://cat.xula.edu/issa/

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hatsuhi izu
shio todoroki no
taenu naka
….. Tohyu

New Year's sunrise
in the roaring sound
of the breaking waves

From the Kyoshi Group of Inahata Teiko
http://www.kyoshi.or.jp/inv-haiku/season2.htm

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sora chikaku amari mabayuki hatsuhi kana

.......... the sky draws near
.......... such a bright sunrise
.......... New Year's Day

Shiki Archives
http://www.cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp/~shiki/kim/shikiwinter.html


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first sunrise
over woods and hills
drifting clouds

Isabelle Prondzynski

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First Sunrise 2012

first sunrise -
the clouds and I came out
to see it

first sunrise -
I almost
saw it

To conclude:

first sunrise -
the clouds had
the better view

Pia So'Sua von Prondzynski, Ireland

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A Beauty Looking at the First Sunrise
Eishosai Choki (active 1789 - ca. 1807)


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Related words

***** First lightness, first light of the year
(hatsu akari) 初明かり
kigo for the New Year

The first appearance of dawn, before the first sunrise of a new year on January first.

This is very close to the following, first light of every day.

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*** first sky 初空 hatuszora
on the first day of the new year



初空のはづれの村も寒いげな
hatsuzora no hazure no mura mo samui gena

the first sky
of this remote village
must be quite cold

Kobayashi Issa

gena, old version for for rashii.


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***** First light (of every morning)
non-seasonal topic.

first light is the first lightening of the sky. it is colorless and comes 20 minutes before the rosy light of dawn. the actual sunup, the sighting of the sun, comes later yet.

first light
a frost star
in the birdbath

first light
lawnchairs
crosshatched with snow

first light
venus and Jupiter
in a tight embrace

first light
distant suns
fade

susan delphine delaney


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like Buddha Amida
coming over the mountains -
First Sunrise !

山越えの阿弥陀のごとく初日の出　

Gabi Greve, 2005


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taiyoo　太陽　the sun - die Sonne



solar wind...
echoes passing
through me


photo : SDO/AIA (12 March 2012)
a wind stream from this coronal hole could reach Earth on March 16-17

- Shared by Louis Osofsky
Joys of Japan, March 2012


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. Sun and Moon Deities of Japan .
Dainichi Nyorai The Great Sun 大日如来
Nitten, Sūrya, Āditya 日天


. Solar Eclipse May 22, 2012 .
kinkan nisshoku 金環日食 golden ring eclipse



. Sun (dinesh) . India .

. Dawn (akebono) in all seasons 　

. Equinox in Spring and Autumn 彼岸 higan .


. Stars in various kigo 星 hoshi　.



. SAIJIKI New Year : HEAVEN 　


. Astronomical Saijiki .
by Shawn Lee Whitney, USA



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Yuzu (citron family)

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Yuzu (citron family. Japan)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late Autumn. Others see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

citron, yuzu, 柚子 Citrus medica
citron, yu 柚
"vinegar citron", Tokushima citron, sudachi 醋橘
.... quite a sour type, mixed into soy sauce for a delicious dip

green citron, ao yu 青柚
"fragrant citron", kabosu, 芳醋
..... from Oita prefecture in Kyushu

"tree citrus", kizu 木醋
..... from Kyushu, quite a sour type


Yuzu plays an important part in the food life of Japanese. See below for yuzu-kigo of other categories.
The different local specialities are now sold all over Japan.

The green fruit start changing to a bright yellow-orange when it gets cold. The wild trees in our garden bear a lot of fruit every second year only. The taste of yuzu is very special and used in many food preparations and even the bath.

In summer the tree has small white flowers:

kigo for mid-summer
yu no hana 柚の花 (ゆのはな)
yuzu no hana 柚子の花（ゆずのはな）
hana yuzu 花柚子（はなゆず）, hanayu 花柚（はなゆ）


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Pictures of the Yuzu tree, fruit and flower are here:


http://www.hana300.com/yuzu00.html

Pictures of Sudachi, a much smaller fruit. The juice is sprinkeld over food, especially broiled and fried fish and in soup.
http://www.hana300.com/sudach.html

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yuzu and a pun with yuuzuu 融通, to be able to pass without hinderance
for the new year a wish to pass the year without illness or problems.

a well-liked New Year Decoration
. The First Lunar Month　一月 ichigatsu - 睦月 mutsuki - .


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way




. WASHOKU
Citrus fruits (kankitsu rui 柑橘類)


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HAIKU

叱られて姉は二階へ柚子の花　　　　
shikararete ane wa nikai e yuzu no hana

my sister got scolded
and went upstairs -
yuzu blossoms

(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Takaha Shugyoo 鷹羽　狩行
http://home.att.ne.jp/star/biling-haiku/kigonatsu.htm


His poems are also translated into English.
Selected Haiku　 英訳 鷹羽狩行句集
http://www2.famille.ne.jp/~haiku/profile-t.html


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Related words

***** Yuzu-Bath (yuzu-yu 柚子湯)
kigo for winter (humanity)

Read Linda Inoki in the Japan Times about the Yuzu-Bath



The hot-spring bath was housed in a new three-story building. If you went first class, for only eight sen they lent you a bathrobe, an attendant washed you, and a girl served you tea in one of those elegant, shallow cups they use for the tea ceremony. When I was sure nobody was about, I would amuse myself by swimming around the perimeter of the tank.

From "Botchan" by Natsume Soseki (1867-1916)
translated by Alan Turney (Kodansha International)

You might be wondering what the connection is between yuzu and a hot-spring bath. Well, on the longest night of winter, which this year is on Dec. 21, countless yuzu fruits will be swimming about in the nation's baths! This is traditionally the night that people soak in a yuzu-buro (yuzu bath), since the aromatic steam is believed to protect the bather from illness and colds.
Yuzu is a hardy native of China that was brought to Japan in ancient times. The fragrant white flowers open in early summer and the small, bumpy fruits ripen to yellow in winter. A small sliver of yuzu peel adds a warm, delicate fragrance to soups, sweetmeats and New Year dishes. And although you might find a plastic mandarin orange on top of the modern kagami-mochi (New Year rice cakes), their authentic topping is yuzu -- a far more suitable offering to the gods.
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?fe20041216li.htm

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The hot yuzu bath enhances the production of noradrenalin and has other health benefits. We always put one or two in the bath water, let it soak for a while and enjoy the smell of it. They are also used, as Linda describes above, in many public bath houses and hot springs, sometimes so many in the bath tub you can not see the water.
Taken on December 21, it is also called "Bath of the Winter Solstice" (tooji-yu　冬至湯).
Gabi Greve


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***** Yuzu and Bean Paste (yuzu-miso, yuzu-kama) :
humanity kigo for autumn,

This is especially delicious when freshly prepared, Cut of the head of the yuzu fruit, take the seeds and meat out to make it empty, fill it up with homemade bean paste (miso) soaked in yuzu juice, put the lid on it again and fry it for a while. The delicious smell will call the whole neighbourhood to share this dish.

Another preparation is to add the yuzu juice and meat to the miso and let it sit for a month before using the miso as usual to prepare the daily soup. That provides a pleasant smell to the breakfast table. This was one of the first presents we got from the neighbours after moving to our mountain hermitage in rural Japan.

yuzu-miso -
the neighbours smile
welcomes winter

Gabi Greve


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. kimori yuzu 木守柚（きもりゆず）
　
One last fruit (or a few) is left on the tree to "watch over it".

plant kigo for all winter


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. WASHOKU
Citrus fruits (kankitsu rui 柑橘類)


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Leaves in all seasons

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The words LEAF, LEAVES, ha, happa　葉、葉っぱ　Blatt, Blätter,
refering to the leaves of trees,
just like that are not a kigo.

But special kinds of tree leaves come in various seasons, check the kigo below and the links for the other seasons.
We even have "fallen leaves" in more than one season.


Young green leaves have the full power of life and branches with them were a favorite with the ladies of old to stick into the hair, thus partaking of this natural power.
Thhis custom later turned into elaborate
. kanzashi 簪 hairpins .



quote
Ashiki no yama no konure no hoyo torite kazashitsuraku wa chitose hoku to so

Taking the mistletoe from the top of the mountain and placing it in my hair,
wanting to celebrate a thousand years.

Oomoto no Yakamochi

Haruo Shirane
source : books.google.co.jp

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SPRING

kigo for mid-spring

kashiwa ochiba 柏落葉 (かしわおちば) fallen leaves of oak trees
..... kashiwa chiru 柏散る（かしわちる）



kigo for late spring

kusa no wakaba 草の若葉 (くさのわかば) young leaves of plants
..... kusa wakaba 草若葉（くさわかば)


wakakusa 　若草 young plants, young grass
..... wakakusa 嫩草（わかくさ）
niikusa 新草（にいくさ）new plants, new grass
kusa wakashi 草若し（くさわかし）plants/grass is young
wakakusa no 若草野（わかくさの）plain with young plants/grass

kusa can be all kind of small plants and weeds

. ashi no wakaba 蘆の若葉（あしのわかば）
young leaves of reed grass .


haru ochiba 春落葉 (はるおちば) fallen leaves in spring
..... haru no ochiba 春の落葉（はるのおちば）


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SUMMER


Young Leaves (wakaba)

***** Season: Early Summer



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young leaves, fresh leaves, wakaba 若葉
new leaves
fresh green leaves, fresh verdure


wind in the young leaves, wakaba kaze 若葉風
rain on the young leaves, wakaba ame 若葉雨

young leaves in the mountains, yama wakaba 山若葉
young leaves in the in the local villages (one's home .. see furusato)
..... sato wakaba 里若葉
young leaves in the valley, tani wakaba 谷若葉

young leaves in the garden, niwa wakaba 庭若葉
young leaves outside of the window, mado wakaba 窓若葉

wakabadoki 若葉時（わかばどき）time for young leaves


Wakaba, this kigo stressed the softness and suppleness of the young leaves, whereas the next one, aoba, stresses the color.



Photo Gabi Greve


Some trees have their own kigo with the young leaves

. hayanagi 葉柳 (はやなぎ) leaves of the willow tree .


young persimmon leaves, kaki wakaba
柿若葉（かきわかば）

pasania; chinquapin young leaves, shii wakaba
椎若葉（しいわかば）

young oak leaves, kashi wakaba
樫若葉（かしわかば）
..... kashi shigeru 樫茂る（かししげる）

young camphor tree leaves, kusu wakaba
樟若葉（くすわかば）


young leaves of the maple tree, wakakaede, waka kaede
若楓 (わかかえで)
..... kaede wakaba 楓若葉（かえでわかば）
..... aokaede, ao kaede青楓（あおかえで）
(they turn to momiji in autumn)


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green leaves, aoba 青葉 (あおば)

green and young leaves aobawakaba 青葉若葉（あおばわかば）
mountain with green leaves, aoba yama 青葉山（あおばやま）

fresh, new green, shinryoku 新緑 (しんりょく)
green, midori 緑（みどり）
green is showing, midori sasu 緑さす（みどりさす）


hazakura 葉桜 (はざくら) leafy cherry tree
..... wakaba no hana 若葉の花（わかばのはな）
..... aoba no hana 青葉の花（あおばのはな）
kigo for the late cherry blossoms among the green leaves


musubiba 結葉 (むすびば) "leaves tied together"
when the new leaves grow thickly and look like tied up.

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tokiwagi no ochiba (tokiwa no ki no ochiba)
常磐木落葉 (ときはぎのおちば)
fallen leaves of evergreen trees

. shii ochiba 椎落葉（しいおちば）fallen leaves of the Shii-oak .
..... kashi ochiba 樫落葉（かしおちば）fallen leaves of the Kashi-oak

. kusu ochiba 樟落葉（くすおちば）fallen leaves of the camphor tree.


hiiragi ochiba 柊落葉（ひいらぎおちば）
fallen leaves of the holly
..... mochi ochiba 冬青落葉（もちおちば）
Ilex pedunculosa

mokkoku ochiba 木檞落葉（もっこくおちば）fallen leaves of the mokkoku tree
Ternstroemia gymnanthera, Japanese Cleyera


. tsuge ochiba 黄楊落葉（つげおちば）
fallen leaves of boxwood .


momi ochiba 樅落葉（もみおちば）fallen needles of a fir tree


hinoki ochiba 檜落葉（ひのきおちば）fallen leaves of the Japanese cypress
Chamaecyparis obtusa
The leaves are scale-like, 2-4 mm long, blunt tipped (obtuse), green above, and green below with a white stomatal band at the base of each scale-leaf.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Hinoki cypress　桧、檜 .




. fallen leaves of bamboo, take ochiba 竹落ち葉 .
..... take no ochiba 竹の落葉
young leaves of bamboo, take no wakaba 竹の若葉（たけのわかば）
take no wakamidori 竹の若緑（たけのわかみどり） young green of the bamboo

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other categories with "aoba - leaves"

. aobajio 青葉潮 (あおばじお) tide and green leaves .


. aobagoe 青葉肥（あおばごえ） green leaves as fertilizer .


. Aoba matsuri 青葉祭 (あおばまつり)
"Festival of the Green Leaves" .


. aobazuku　青葉木莵 "owl in green leaves" .
Otus scops japonicus


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kigo for mid-summer

. "peach leaf red", tooyookoo 桃葉紅（とうようこう） .
Oleander (Nerium oleander)


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kigo for all summer

banryoku 万緑 (ばんりょく) a myriad of green (leaves)

ryokuin 緑陰 (りょくいん) green shade

aobayami 青葉闇（あおばやみ）shade, darkness under the green leaves


shigeri 茂 - 繁り (しげり) leaves grow thick
shinmo 繁茂（はんも）
shigeru 茂る（しげる）to grow thick (of leaves and plants)
shigeshi 茂し（しげし）
shigemi 茂み（しげみ）thicket
shigeyama 茂山（しげやま）mountain with thicket
shigeno 茂野（しげの）wilderness with thicket
shigeriba 茂り葉（しげりば）thicket of leaves
..... morin 、茂林（もりん）
kusa shigeru 草茂る（くさしげる） plants grow thick



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kigo for late summer

wakuraba 病葉 (わくらば)
sickly leaves, pale leaves, weak leaves


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AUTUMN


. red autumn leaves, momiji　紅葉　（もみじ)
yellow leaves, colored leaves
red maple leaves, red autumn leaves

and many related kigo


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WINTER


Fallen leaves (ochiba　落ち葉)
momiji chiru 紅葉散る (もみじちる)
chiri mojiji 散紅葉（ちりもみじ）
and kigo related to the fallen leaves

leaves of trees, ko no ha 木の葉


. kareha 枯葉 (かれは) withered leaves .

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kigo for early winter

fuyu momiji 冬紅葉 (ふゆもみじ) red leaves in winter
nokoru momiji 残る紅葉（のこるもみじ）red leaves still left over


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Worldwide use

Europe

Young leaves of the Beech tree (Fagus sylvatica)


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North America

Watching the Japanese maple tree leaf out is one of the things I anticipate
each spring.
The whole cycle is a joy.

new maple leaves ~
Joys of Japan find their way
to Tacoma

Elaine Andre, Tacoma


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Things found on the way

happa bijinesu　葉っぱビジネス "leaf business"

. Decorating food with leaves .


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HAIKU

nekorobeba hara no ue made wakaba kana

lying on my back
on the ground -- new leaves
even on my stomach
Tr. Chris Drake

This summer hokku is from the 6th month (July) of 1814, two months after Issa had gotten married to a woman who lived near his hometown. Issa seems to be in a very good mood, and he decides to just lie down on his back on the ground and stretch out for a while, probably just to enjoy things. (The next hokku in his diary is about looking up at clouds.) He seems to be near some bushes or a low tree or two, because there are new green leaves stuck to his robe, even on the part over his abdomen. He seems surprised by the leaf or leaves on his upper side, since he's lying on his back.

Most of the leaves on the ground are old leaves, however, so Issa's robe must have picked up the new green leaves when he was flopping down onto the ground and stretching out. Or perhaps the low limb of a leafy bush is lying across his abdomen area. Is Issa momentarily imagining he's a plant? Or could this be a rejuvenation or fertility image suggesting marital lovemaking?

Chris Drake

. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


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How ethereal
the sunlight
through young leaves
Basho

Haiga by Soji
http://www.haikupoetshut.com/

Soji took the picture in early May, which is considered Mid-Spring in his area of America.

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furu kaki no shiyooji nashi no wakaba kana

on the old fence
to no avail...
fresh leaves

wakaba shite mata mo nikumare enoki kana

fresh leaves again
make it hateful...
nettle-tree

wakaba shite neko to karasu to kenka kana

fresh new leaves--
the cat and the crow
quarrel

Issa
Read more of Issa's haiku on the subject here:
http://haikuguy.com/issa/

take no ha ni tsurete mugura mo wakaba kana

keeping bamboo shoots
company, weeds
fresh green too

Issa
Issa and Wakaba Haiku

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あらたふと青葉若葉の日の光
ara tooto aoba wakaba no hi no hikari

“How noble it is with bright sunshine on green foliage and young foliage !”

Read more here !
Matsuo Basho in Nikko




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. Green Leaves Haiku at Kifune Shrine
Kyoto


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Related words


***** . TREES in all seasons


***** Green in Haiku Traditional Japanese Colors: midori, aoi


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just one leaf
and so many kigo -
Joys of Japan

- Shared by Gabi Greve


just one leaf
and so many Joys
branches of willow

Gennady Nov
Joys of Japan, 2012


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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November 2006

nnnnnnnnnnnn TOP nnnnnnnnnnnnn

..................................................................... November 2006

Haiku Clubs of Kayole, Kenya Meeting November 2006

Court Rituals for the New Year Japan

Teeth strengthening Ceremony (hagatame) Japan
..... rice cakes for strengthening the teeth, hagatame no mochi

First Water, "young water" (wakamizu) Japan. Including more kigo of this ceremony.

Binzuru, Ceremony for the Arhat Binzuru (Binzuru mawashi) Japan

Haiku Teahouse, Haiku Chaya for Pilgrims in Shikoku Japan

Tea, Black Tea from Kenya Coffee from Kenya

Fart, farting (he) Furz Japan, worldwide

Fields, rice paddies (ta, hatake) Japan
..... Including kigo for all seasons in the fields.

Flute (fue, yokobue) 　 Japan

Saffron Crocus (Crocus sativus) safuron, safuran, Safran Japan

Trumpet Flower (datura) Korean Morning Glory, Mandala Flower (mandarage). Angel's Trumpet Flower. Japan, North America.

Hashidate Festival, Ama no Hashidate Matsuri Japan

Ebisu, the God of Wealth and Prosperity Japan

Ramadan in Kenya

Cold wave (kanpa, kampa) Japan, worldwide

Ganjin Memorial Day (Ganjin Ki) Japan

December Singers, Twelfth Month Singers (sekizoro) Japan

First rainfall, imminent rain Kenya, Tropics

..... Calendar Systems, Asian Lunar Calendar, 12 Zodiac Animals, 24 Seasons
Helpful reference to understand Japanese Haiku Seasons.

Bellows Festival (fuigo matsuri) Japan

Bread (pan) Worldwide

Yew Tree (ichi i, ichii, ichi-i)Japan

Rakugo, comic storytelling Japan


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Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
worldkigo .....

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http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/