Ikebana

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Ikebana / Flower Arrangement

***** Location: Japan, other countries
***** Season: Non-seasonal Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation


Origa (Olga Hooper)


ikebana 生け花,　いけ花, 生花　literally "living flowers"
活花、活け花
hana o ikeru　花を活ける literally maybe: "to bring the flowers to life"
the way of the flowers, kadoo　花道

In Japan, one of the oldest uses of arranging flowers in special vases was used by Buddhist monks to decorate the altar. Flowers were one of the special offerings to a Buddhist deity, apart from light (candles) and incense.

Obviously ancient China influenced Japan strongly, just as we in the West were influenced by Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. This is also true of Ikebana, "The Way of the Flower" (kadoo 花道）. The early ideas travelled to Japan with Chinese monks but the formalisation of the Art occured through many generations of devoted Japanese Masters.They developed progressive new forms from basic principles that had been set. Schools were set up to pass on the heritage to new generations and these became the workshops where the art was distilled to its essence.


The origin of Ikebana stretches back over 500 years. The oldest Ikebana manuscript, "Kao irai no Kadensho" dates from 1486. The famous "Senno Kuden" manuscript, by the founder of the Ikenobo School of Ikebana, was written in 1542. Since this time, many styles have appeared, disappeared and developed.
When Buddhism was introduced to Japan in about 538A.D, monks started to arrange flowers to decorate the altars of temples. In the Heian period (794-1192), appreciating flowers in a vase unrelated to religious worship also became popular. There are number of novels, essays and poems of that time which describe the aristocracy enjoying flower arranging and admiring arrangements of flowers.
In the Kamakura period (1192-1333), the Samurai (elite warrior class) wrested the power of government from the aristocrats and brought great lifestyle and fashion changes into the whole of Japanese society.

Read more about the history of Ikebana and the different schools in Japan.
- Reference -



Flower arrangement フラワー‐アレンジメント
is a word also used for other types of Western floral arrangements,
not in the way Japanese ikebana is done.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kigo for the New Year

ikezome 生初 (いけぞめ) first flower arrangement
..... seika hajime 生花始（せいかはじめ）
..... sooka hajime 挿花始（そうかはじめ）


. NEW YEAR - KIGO for HUMANITY


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Sogetsu-School of Ikebana


Ikebana Net
http://www.ikebana-net.com/





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quote
Aibi 4th Annual Sogetsu Ikebana show 2011
. . . . . As I pondered the eyeless dolls, and the symbolism associated with them, and what Japan is dealing with in the wake of the recent disasters, the themes of vision and resilience emerged.

More photos are here at Nihonbi
source : nihonbi.wordpress.com


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Worldwide use

Germany

Exhibition of Haiku and Ikebana in Germany.
Leader is Sachiko Schmid.

. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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Things found on the way

Meet Erika Schwalm

Erika is/was a member of our World Kigo Forum.

Homepage von Erika Schwalm, Riji Meisterin der Sogetsu-Schule Tokyo und Leiterin des Frankfurter Haikukreises.

Februarregen.
Im Zimmer ruht die Spinne
am Ikebanabild.

February rain.
In the room a spider rests
at the Ikebana picture.

(Tr. Gabi Greve)
http://haiku.zeigdich-online.de/

She loves nature and the Japanese gardens and tries to combine various arts, like music, ikebana and haiku.


.... Erika Schwalm, - In Memoriam December 2005


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HAIKU

During a haikai meeting in the Edo period, it was custom to perform an ikebana arrangement after the guest of honour had written the first poem (hokku　発句) with a seasonal hint.


rikka 立花 "standing flowers"


Rikka style was established in the Muromachi period, in the 15th century. It is said to be the foundation of Ikebana, from which Shoka, Moribana and Nageire styles evolved.
the traditional Rikka Shofutai and the more modern,
Rikka Shimputai.
source : ikebanabyjunko.co.uk


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たくさんの活け花のある寒さかな
takusan no ikebana no aru samusa kana

there are so many
ikebana flower arrangements
in the cold

Kishimoto Naoki 岸本尚毅


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an Ikebana
a cosmic arc of
a leaf ~
brahman~Narayanan~


single leaf
the curve of beauty
unmeasured
drussell


Ikebana
the center stalk
world in a vase
Angelika Kolompar

http://home.alc.co.jp/db/owa/PH_detail?photo_sn_in=981


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source :　facebook

an ikebana moment


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Related words


*****　Bonsai 盆栽

Bonsai (literally "potted plant")
is the art of aesthetic miniaturization of trees by growing them in containers. Originating in Chinese penjing (Chinese /Japanese bonkei : 盆景, "tray scenery"), Japanese bonsai developed its localization of techniques and aesthetics after its introduction to Japan by imperial embassies returning from China in the ninth century. In Western culture, the word "bonsai" is commonly used as an umbrella term for all miniature trees.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !



盆栽や　悠久な時の　夏の夜
bonsai ya yuukyuu na toki no natsu no yoru

admiring bonsai !
time passes elegantly this
summer night

Gabi Greve, August 2006 　








. Takamatsu Bonsai Exhibition 2008 .


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planted in a vase
a large tree
- bonsai art



Rogerio Viana/ Rosa Clement, Brasil

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Ikebana from Hata san, Japan


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Ways to decorate plants on a portable stand



shimadai, shima-dai 島台 "portable island"
stand in the shape of an island




suhamadai, suhama-dai 州浜台 "beach stand"
standing trays with sandbar patterns

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kigo for all summer

suiban 水盤 (すいばん) shallow basin
shallow container for displaying flower arrangements
Iit can be filled with stones or other things too that make us feel cool in summer.
Sometimes small crabs can swimm in it.
It is mostly made of pottery or metal.



. . . CLICK here for ikebana suiban Photos !


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hakoniwa 箱庭 (はこにわ) landscape garden

A miniature landscape garden, prepared in a box or basin with tiny plants, stones, miniature houses, miniature bridges, etc.
It lends a feeling of coolness to a room in summer.

. . . CLICK here for Photos !





Yumedono cactus, Haworthia emelyae, ハオルチア.


箱庭に置く夢殿のなかりけり
hakoniwa ni oku Yumedono no nakari keri

alas there is no
"Hall of Dreams" I could put
in my landscape garden . . .

Nakata Go 中田剛 (1943 - )



This is a play of words with the famous building

Yume-dono 夢殿 Hall of Dreams
at Temple Horyu-ji, Nara



. hakoniwa gangu 箱庭玩具 toy tools for a landscape garden .


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winter forest work
a hairdresser clips
his bonsai

Stella Pierides
source : facebook December 2011


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filling
emptiness of the room
with ikebana

- Shared by Ram Krishna Singh -
Joys of Japan, 2012


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. keman 華鬘 flower garlands .
temple decorations

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"Arranging flowers"
Katsushika Hokusai

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Iced Coffee, aisu-koohii (Japan)

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Iced Coffee, aisu-koohii　アイスコーヒー

***** Location: Japan, worldwide
***** Season: All Summer
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

In Japan, we have iced coffee, meaning hot coffe cooled down with ice cubes and drunk with milk and sweet syrup.



There is also Coffee Float,
cold coffee with floating vanilla ice cream and plenty of whipped cream.


http://www.grkt.com/message/cnv_img.php?img=0405011136

Both are of course favorites in summer and some stores do not sell them in the winter months.
It is best with dripp coffee and ice, but now of course we have also instant ice coffee, cans and bottles to choose from.
It is usually served in a high glass, but can also be served in a mug of copper, where the dewdrops create an extra effect of coolness.

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How to prepare Iced Coffee in Japan.
http://www.shiinoki-coffee.com/drip/08/

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Worldwide use

Bermuda Ice Coffee
Put a cup of coffee to which cream and sugar has been added in a blender. Add 1 or 2 scoops of Coffee ice cream. Blend. Serve in cold mug or glass.
http://www.culinarycafe.com/Drinks/Bermuda_Iced_Coffee.html

England
We don't tend to drink iced tea or iced coffee in England so "cold coffee" doesn't evoke any particular season here.
Eryu

Germany
We have Eiskaffee, which is coffee with vanilla ice cream and whipped cream, as the Japanese call the floating coffee. After all, not the coffee is floating, but the ice cream in it.
Gabi Greve

Greek Eiscaffee with Kahlua
http://www.eckes.org/article.php?sid=134

Thai Iced Coffee with Cardamon
http://www.recipesource.com/ethnic/asia/thai/00/rec0005.html
http://coffeefaq.com/coffaq7.htm#ThaiIcedCoffee

USA
Perception of kigo is strongly cultural, laced throughout its literature, customs, etc. For me if the season isn't obvious I don't feel it's a good kigo for my American culture. Cold coffee has little precedence as a kigo for me.
For example 'hot chocolate' is a good American Winter kigo, books and movies are filled with it as a Winter beverage and is a common treat for children after playing in the snow. Even regions in America where there is no snow and hot chocolate is rare, its presence in books and movies make it known there as well.
Although iced drinks are appreciated more in the summer many are consumed all year while others have a distinct seasonal quality. For me iced coffee and iced pop don't have a strong seasonal precedence but iced lemonade does again with its presence in books and movies.
Michael Baribeau

Vietnamese Iced Coffee, illustrated. Ca phe sua da.
http://www.vaneats.com/features/vietnamese.iced.coffee
http://coffeefaq.com/coffaq7.htm#VietIcedCoffee

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Things found on the way

The Ultimate Coffee Page
How to brew the ultimate drink
Is water important?
How to store coffee?
Growing coffee trees
And so on and so on
http://coffeefaq.com/coffaq.htm

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The origin of the Chinese characters for coffee 珈琲


- reference source : nsh-s.com/wp... -

、蘭学者で津山藩医の宇田川榕菴
In Okayama there was a school for rangaku 蘭学 learning of the West.
One of the masters there was 宇田川榕菴 Udagawa Yoan.
He knew the Dutch word ｋｏｆｆｉｅ.
There are now sometimes memorial services in a temple, where coffee is offered to the ancestors and the visitors
- but in tea cups of the time.

. Udagawa Yōan 宇田川榕菴 Udagawa Yoan .
(1798 - 1846)


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HAIKU

Seen in Thailand on the rural market place, but also in many other places in Asia:

iced coffee -
the boy stirrs his drink
with the fingers

Eiscaffee -
der Junge ruehrt im Glas
mit dem Finger

Gabi Greve

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Related words

***** Cold Coffee
iced coffee, ice coffee, Eiskaffee
Kigo for all summer
WASHOKU : COLD COFFEE

Of course, in winter, it cools faster -- the indoor temperature in Irish homes is often so chilly that coffee is already cold before one is quite ready to drink it... shiver!

"Kalter Kaffee" (cold coffee) is German for old hat -- stale news, something that has had its day, something one cannot take seriously any more...
Isabelle Prondzynski

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HAIKU

Cold coffee,
dark as the morning light –
one abandoned cup.

Isabelle Prondzynski

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bus stop bench
coffee in a paper cup
half frozen

Carol Raisfeld

The winter kigo is frozen.

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***** Hot Coffee
Kigo for Winter
WASHOKU : HOT COFFEE

Hot coffee can be enjoyed at any season, even at an Ice-coffeeshop in summer on a warm terrasse.
But as a warming experience, it is a winter kigo.


HAIKU

hot coffee---
the stench of
unscaled fish

Robert Wilson

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bundled children
walking to school-
hot coffee

The winter kigo is bundled.

hot coffee-
forsythia blooms
blind the drivers

'forsythia' , kigo for spring, is a bush full of yellow blossoms, plantedalong the highways in my state.

Kate

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***** Eiscaffee
Kigo for All Summer

A cafeteria where you can enjoy your hot or cold or iced coffee. In Germany they are open all summer, usually serving delicious Italian icecream too. Some Italian Eiscaffees also serve Pizza all year long. They are very popular in Germany.
http://tinyurl.com/52jjp

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. Cappuccino with Dragon design .



WASHOKU ... Japanese DRINKS SAIJIKI

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August 2005

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Latest Additions

........................................................................ August 2005

Dragonfly (tombo, tonbo) Japan (05)

INDIA SAIJIKI (under construction)

Bon Festival (o-bon) (05) Japan
..... Awaodori Dance (05) Japan, Bon-Odori, Bon-Dance
..... Bon Boats for Souls (shooryoobune) (05) Japan
..... Bon Flowers (bonbana) (05) Japan
..... Bon Stove (bongama) (05) Japan
..... Bon of Wind (kaze no bon) (05) Japan

Pinks (nadeshiko) (05) Japan. Fringed pink

Nairobi Bomb Day , Kenya, August 7

Tea Ceremony Saijiki 茶道の歳時記

Manatee North America

Crape myrtle (sarusuberi) (05) Japan, North America

Cicada (semi) (05) Japan, other areas

Ant (ari) (05) Japan, worldwide



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Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
worldkigo .....

Back to the WHC Worldkigo Index
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/

Additions August 2005

Safekeep copy

........................................................................ August 2005Dragonfly (tombo, tonbo) Japan (05)INDIA SAIJIKI (under construction)Bon Festival (o-bon) (05) Japan..... Awaodori Dance (05) Japan, Bon-Odori, Bon-Dance..... Bon Boats for Souls (shooryoobune) (05) Japan..... Bon Flowers (bonbana) (05) Japan..... Bon Stove (bongama) (05) Japan..... Bon of Wind (kaze no bon) (05) JapanPinks (nadeshiko) (05) Japan. Fringed pinkNairobi Bomb Day , Kenya, August 7Tea Ceremony Saijiki 茶道の歳時記Manatee North AmericaCrape myrtle (sarusuberi) (05) Japan, North AmericaCicada (semi) (05) Japan, other areasAnt (ari) (05) Japan, worldwide

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Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
worldkigo .....

Back to the WHC Worldkigo Index
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/

Harvest Moon, North America

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Harvest Moon

***** Location: North America
***** Season: Mid-Autumn
***** Category: Heavens

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Explanation

Full Harvest Moon - September
This is the full Moon that occurs closest to the autumn equinox. In two years out of three, the Harvest Moon comes in September, but in some years it occurs in October. At the peak of harvest, farmers can work late into the night by the light of this Moon.
http://www.farmersalmanac.com/astronomy/fullmoonnames.html

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The Harvest Moon
occurs for about a week during the month of September at a time when farmers are busy gathering their crops for the upcoming winter. "Harvest Moon" is the name given to the full moon occurring nearest the autumnal equinox (around September 23rd) and it marks the first day of fall. Many years ago before the invention of electricity or farm equipment with lights, the stronger light of the harvest moon made it possible for the farmers to extend their work day well into the evening.

This phenomenon is caused when the full moon of mid September rises to the same level on the east horizon as the position of the sun as it's setting on the west horizon. The display produces an attractive moonrise and sunrise together at about the same time each evening for several evenings in a row.
http://hometown.aol.com/panda34911/KidsParties/HolidayFunPg11DFallA.html

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Worldwide use

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Things found on the way

Shine On Harvest Moon
Words & Music by Jack Norworth & Nora Bayes-Norworth, 1908

Shine on, shine on harvest moon
Up in the sky
I ain't had no lovin' since January, February,
June, or July
Snow time ain't no time to sit
Outdoors and spoon
Shine on, shine on harvest moon
For me and my gal
http://hometown.aol.com/panda34911/KidsParties/HolidayFunPg11DFallA.html

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HAIKU

loved ones return home
harvest moon rises
over the bridge

DeVar Dahl -Canada-
http://www.ecf.or.jp/shiki/1999/result.html

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Harvest moon
shared with a stranger
bus window

Kiyoshi Fukuzawa (Tokyo)

There are a lot more haiku about the MOON on this Link.
http://www.asahi.com/english/haiku/041101.html

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still pond
she walks ankle-deep
in the harvest moon

Dustin Neal , October 2006
Editor of Clouds Peak
http://du5tin.net/haiku

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watching
young clouds polish
the harvest moon

Paul Hunter, October 2006

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oh, mister harvest moon !
you are racing so-o-o fast
through the rain clouds

Gabi Greve, 2006. Look at it HERE !


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Related words

The Japanese Meigetsu 名月 is sometimes translated as "Harvest Moon".

See the MOON entry for more information !



.　World Kigo Database .
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Hunter's Moon

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Hunter’s Moon

***** Location: England, USA
***** Season: Autumn, October
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

The full moon of October is called the Hunter’s Moon in England because it coincides with the start of the official legal hunting season which begins 12 October, “The Glorious 12th”. The moon at this time is close to the earth at this latitude; thus very large and reflecting a lot of light for night hunting.

It is a widespread countryside practice in England to hunt all kinds of wild creatures on foot or on horseback, often with a pack of dogs kept specifically for the purpose. Foxes are popular as prey as they are viewed as vermin by many farmers. Also, grouse, quail, partridge, pheasant, duck, and other game birds (wild or raised for the shoot). Game birds are protected by law until 12 October, so “The Glorious 12th” is the start of the shooting season; as well as other hunting activities.
When the very large and bright October moon coincides with clear skies it is called a “Hunter’s Moon”, allowing the hunt to continue on well past the early dusk or begin well before the late dawn.

Hunting (shoot) is another kigo for autumn in England.

It is likely that hunting with dogs will slowly die out as an acceptable hunting method; following recent legislation to end it as a rural sport. This will of course cause some interim conflict - but the likelihood is that those images of "the unspeakable in pursuit of the uneatable" in the John Peel tradition of horns blowing to call packs of dogs to marauding slaughter of wild foxes, hares and deer will go the way of bear-baiting and cock fighting. "Ahhh," some say, "sic transit gloria mundi".

It does, as a sideline which no-one seems to have picked up on yet, protect badger setts from "lamping". the practice of going out with a lamp and terrier to flush out badgers and kill them. This based on a completely unproven idea that badgers are responsible for the transmission of bovine TB. The recent legislation has no effect on the shooting season though, so the mass slaughter for sport of tame game-birds bred for the purpose, although much reduced from the excesses of the Edwardian era, will still be a feature of the October landscape for a long time to come.

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Worldwide use

USA
ForeWord Magazine, a major independent publishing trade journal, has awarded Stoeger Publishing’s book, Mr. Whitetail’s Trailing the Hunter’s Moon with a Gold Book of the Year Award. Established in 1998, ForeWord’s Book of the Year Awards program has become one of the most prestigious honors for independent presses and their authors.

Weishuhn’s book takes readers along on his journeys in search of trophy big game animals in regions as diverse as the windswept prairies of Saskatchewan, the arid hill country of northern Mexico and the woodlands and gravel hills of his native Texas. Throughout the 160-pages of this adventure book, Weishuhn recounts tales of the hunt and lessons learned through his extensive hunting career.
http://www.stoegerpublishing.com/articles/detail.tpl?CAT=2&ID=17


Tonight’s full moon is traditionally known as the “Hunter’s Moon.” The Harvest Moon fell in September this year. November will bring the Beaver Moon (sometimes called the Frost Moon), and the Yule or Long Nights moon falls in December.

。。。Now and then
。。。The clouds give us a rest　－
。。。Moon watching.

Basho
http://paperfrog.com/blog/archives/000385.html

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Dear Hunting Season in Michigan

Bow Season (Archery Deer Seasons) starts October 1st and Rifle/Gun Season (Firearm Deer Season) runs November 15-30th with Rifle Season as the most popular. Typically a male 'sport' the men folk will leave for the weekend or even a week to hunt with their buddies, leaving behind their wives who dub themselves 'Deer Hunting Widows'.

700,000 hunters receive hunting licences and bag around 500,000 deer. In Michigan the deer Population is estimated to be 1.75 million. Deer hunting isn't just considered a sport here, it is also necessary to restrain deer population. Each year there are tens of thousands of white-tailed deer/car collisions in Michigan plus hundreds of thousands of deer starve durring our snowy Winters.

Deer Season
a pick-up truck parked
on the edge of the wood

Michael Baribeau

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Deer season is certainly a strong kigo in the South in the US. In Arkansas we also have a bow season beginning in October, and a gun season November through part of December (I think). It's mostly a guy thing here as well, though a few women do occasionally go hunting with their mates.
Hunter's moon is a Native American name, occurring in October and November, when the moon can be seen more clearly because the leaves have fallen from the trees.

Johnye Strickland

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Things found on the way

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HAIKU

Hunter’s moon ~
swimming in milk
a cat flea

Eryu
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Hunter’s moon,
A stick match lights up
A hound’s eye.

Andrea Zipper
http://mdn.mainichi.co.jp/haiku/03/0310.html

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a hunter's moon
the o's of howling dogs
ring in the mists

Jane Reichhold
http://www.ahapoetry.com/aadoh/autcel.htm

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Related words

***** Fox, game birds of any kind . Kigo for Autumn in England.

See the MOON entry for more MOON links.
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/01/moon-and-his-links.html

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Proposed by: Eryu

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Holly hiiragi

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Holly Tree (Ilex family)

***** Location: USA, other countries
***** Season: All Winter (late autumn in Japan)
***** Category: Flower

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Explanation

Ilex opaca : American Holly
Ilex aquifolium : English holly
Ilex cornuta : Chinese holly
Ilex crenata : Japanese holly
Ilex paraguariensis : Yerba mate
(from whose leaves mate tea is made)




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hiiragi no hana 柊の花 (ひいらぎのはな) flower of the holly
Osmanthus heterophyllus

hiiragi sasu 柊挿す (ひいらぎさす) piercing with a holly
and some setsubun riutals, February 3.



. hiiragi ochiba 柊落葉（ひいらぎおちば）
fallen leaves of the holly .
..... mochi ochiba 冬青落葉（もちおちば）
Ilex pedunculosa
kigo for early summer


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A green prickly tree with berries that become red late autumn/fall/early winter. Most associated with Christmas in English-speaking countries, but known in many others.
Kate Steere.

Leaf: Alternate, simple, and persistant, thickened and leathery, eliptical in shape, 2 to 4 inches long, dark green and shiny above, pale green below with entire or spiney-toothed margins.

Flower: Dioecious, dull green-white, male flowers on 3 to 7 flowered cymes, female flowers are solitary with a pleasant odor. Flowers apparent April to June.

Fruit: A berrylike drupe, red, rarely yellow when ripe, 1/4 inch in diameter, containing ribbed nutlets. Maturing September to October, persisting on tree into winter.

Twig: Slender with rust-colored pubescence.

Bark: Light gray, with prominent warts.

Form: A small tree, with a thick crown and pyramidal form, usually with branches to the ground.
http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/iopaca.htm

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One of the most famous English-speaking Christmas hymns :
"The Holly and the Ivy"
This is one of a series of medieval English carols on the subject of the rivalry between the holly and ivy vying for mastery in the forest. These two plants came to be associated with the sexes, holly being masculine and ivy feminine. In this carol, the holly is used to represent various aspects of Christ's life and the ivy is not discussed at all.

1. The holly and the ivy,
When they are both full grown,
Of all the trees that are in the wood,
The holly bears the crown.

Read it all here:
http://ingeb.org/spiritua/theholly.html (including Japanese translation!).

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Mythology and Folklore of the Holly

For most of us the sight of holly leaves and berries is inextricably linked with Christmas, whether we celebrate this as a secular or a religious festivity. Christmas brings with it many traditions and it is probably the one time when many of us still practice at least a few old folklore customs today. Indeed in some parts of Britain holly was formerly referred to merely as Christmas, and in pre-Victorian times 'Christmas trees' meant holly bushes.

Holly was also brought into the house variously to protect the home from malevolent faeries or to allow faeries to shelter in the home without friction between them and the human occupants. Whichever of prickly-leaved or smooth-leaved holly was brought into the house first dictated whether the husband or wife respectively were to rule the household for the coming year.

In Celtic mythology the Holly King was said to rule over the half of the year from the summer to the winter solstice, at which time the Oak King defeated the Holly King to rule for the time until the summer solstice again. These two aspects of the Nature god were later incorporated into Mummers' plays traditionally performed around Yuletide. The Holly King was depicted as a powerful giant of a man covered in holly leaves and branches, and wielding a holly bush as a club. He may well have been the same archetype on which the Green Knight of Arthurian legend was based, and to whose challenge Gawain rose during the Round Table's Christmas celebrations.

Read a lot more interesting facts here:
http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.mythholly.html


About the celtic origins of the Holly
In addition to being associated with the Sun God (Saturn) in ancient Rome, holly was important in Pagan/Druidic religion and customs. Under many Pagan religions, it was customary to place holly leaves and branches around their dwellings during winter. This was intended as a kindly and hospitable gesture; they believed that the tiny fairies which inhabited the forests could come into their homes and use the holly as shelter against the cold. This may actually have had some basis in fact, as holly growing in the wild is often used as shelter by small animals, primarily insects.

Read more here:
http://www.tartans.com/articles/holly.html

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Worldwide use

The American Holly


Native Americans used wood from the American holly for many uses and the berries were used for bartering and decorating. The American holly was also a favorite of George Washington's and he planted many throughout his properties. Wood from American holly trees is still used today in woodworking projects, most often for decorative inlays in cabinetry.

The American holly is an pyramid-shaped evergreen that can grow to be 40-50 feet in height but often the trees are pruned to serve as attractive hedges. These slow-growing trees develop small white flowers in late spring and bear bright-red berries in fall that last throughout the winter. However, the berries only grow on female American holly trees and the male trees must be nearby to pollinate the female's flowers and ensure fruiting.

Read more here:
http://www.chesapeakebay.net/



Ilex vomitoria,
commonly known as Yaupon or Yaupon Holly, is a species of holly that is native to southeastern North America. The word yaupon was derived from its Catawban name, yopún, which is a diminutive form of the word yop, meaning "tree". Another common name, Cassina, was borrowed from the Timucua language (despite this, it usually refers to Ilex cassine).
The fruit are an important food for many birds ...



Native Americans used the leaves and stems to brew a tea, commonly thought to be called asi or black drink for male-only purification and unity rituals. The ceremony included vomiting, and Europeans incorrectly believed that it was Ilex vomitoria that caused it (hence the Latin name). The active ingredients are actually caffeine and theobromine, and the vomiting was either learned or as a result of the great quantities in which they drank the beverage coupled with fasting.
Others believe the Europeans improperly assumed the black drink to be the tea made from Ilex vomitoria when it was likely an entirely different drink made from various roots and herbs and did have emetic properties.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


Yaupons thick with red,
Bright sun shining on their fruit,
Mockingbirds on guard...

- Shared by Steve Weiss -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013


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Japan

"mock-plum", finetooth holly, winterberry, ume modoki 梅擬, 梅嫌, 落霜紅
Ilex serrata and similar species
tsuru-ume-modoki 蔓梅擬 bittersweet. Celastrus orbiculatus
..... tsurumodoki, tsuru modoki つるもどき bittersweet

kigo for late autumn.


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Japanese Winterberry 黐の木（もちのき）科
Dedicated to those born on November 1. Also a Symbol of Wisdom.


http://www.hana300.com/umemod.html


hiiragi no hana 柊の花 (ひいらぎのはな) flower of the holly
Osmanthus heterophyllus
kigo for early winter


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Things found on the way

"Heigh ho! sing heigh ho! unto the green holly:
Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly:
Then, heigh ho, the holly!
This life is most jolly."
from 'As You Like It' by William Shakespeare
http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.mythholly.html

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HAIKU

a rustle
in the holly-
two squirrels

Kate Steere

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Related words

***** Dog Winterberry (inu umemodoki 犬梅モドキ）
Ilex serrata form. argutidens


http://www.hana300.com/inuume.html

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hiiragi no hana 柊の花 (ひいらぎのはな) flower of the holly
Osmanthus heterophyllus


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Holocaust Day

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Holocaust Day, Auschwitz Day, Dachau Day

***** Location: Germany, worldwide
***** Season: Late Winter, January 27
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

The German poet Angelika Wienert used for the first time the kigo "Holocaust Day" .

Both of us have posted our haiku to Asahi and David McMurray published them at Febuary 9th 2004.

The people in Germany (and in other European countries) think at the “Holocaust Day” of the liberation of Auschwitz and the Shoa and all victims of the National Socialism.

Gerd Boerner

I invite those of us for whom the phrase Holocaust Day is not yet set in stone to consider using the Hebrew name, Yom HaShoah ("Day of Desolation"), as an alternate, if not more correct, appropriate, phrase. (A holocaust = a burnt offering as a sacrificial ritual.)

Gary

This is a controversial kigo. Dachau Day, Auschwitz Day also come up, especially in 2005, 60 years later.

Here are some links for discussion.

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Curtesy to Reuters
World Remembers Holocaust at Snow-Swept Auschwitz
January 2005
By Sabina Zawadzki and Wojciech Zurawski

OSWIECIM, Poland (Reuters) -
Dusted by falling snow and surrounded by barbed wire, world leaders mourned the victims of the Holocaust on Thursday, the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the biggest Nazi death camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Vowing that the World War II atrocity must never be forgotten, the leaders and survivors lit candles in the ruins of the camp, which claimed a fifth of the 6 million Jews who died in the Holocaust.

"I was here naked as a young girl. I was 16. I am Israeli, I have a country, I have a flag. I have a president," Merka Shevach, who had not been scheduled to speak, told the ceremony.
Up to 1.5 million people died in the gas chambers and crematoria of Auschwitz-Birkenau, set up by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland as its most efficient killing machine in the "Final Solution," the genocide of European Jews.



Auschwitz was liberated on Jan. 27, 1945, by the advancing Soviet army whose stunned soldiers released 7,000 emaciated prisoners left behind as the Germans withdrew.

"The snow was falling like today, we were dressed in stripes and some of us had bare feet," Polish survivor Kazimierz Orlowski, 84, said.
In the commemoration ceremonies, candles burned along the snow-covered tracks used during the war to take Jews and others in cattle trains to the camp.

A whistle, the sound of a stopping train and a door being flung open were played in Birkenau, the camp's main extermination center, to symbolize the arrival of the victims.
Most were gassed to death on arrival. Those selected for slave labor were stripped and shaved, an identity number tattooed on their arms.

As darkness approached and snow kept falling, world leaders, survivors and European royalty lit candles at a monument to the victims. Symbolic flames burned in the background.
Huge searchlights lit up the gray sky behind the monument. Some of the 5,000 participants lit candles of remembrance. Continued ...

© Reuters 2005. All Rights Reserved.
http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldNews&storyID=7457394&src=rss/worldNews

Photo above
Candles placed at the Gleis 17 (platform 17)
holocaust memorial at a former cargo railway station in Berlin-Grunewald on January 27, 2005. From October 1941 to February 1945, more than 50,000 Berlin Jews were loaded into trains on Gleis 17 and transported to the Nazi concentration camps, such as Auschwitz.
Photo by Michael Dalder/Reuters

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Why have a National Holocaust day?
By Rabbi Dr Jonathan Sacks / BBC News January 25, 2000

The proposal for a National Holocaust Day has met with mixed reactions. It should not have done. It is a brave idea that has been misunderstood.
The Holocaust was a defining event in history. There were other chapters of Jewish tragedy. Nor have Jews been the only victims of hate.
There have been, before and since, other attempted genocides. Over the last hundred years, human blood has been shed on a horrendous scale.
Read on:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/618352.stm

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Europe marks Holocaust Day
January 27, 2001 CNN News OSWIECIM, Poland
Survivors of Auschwitz have gone on a poignant march past the gas chambers which claimed their fellow prisoners as Europe marked Holocaust memorial day.
http://www.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/01/27/poland.holocaust/


Holocaust Day (27.Januar)

In many European countries (Britain, Israel, Sweden, Germany) and the
United States the 27th January is the anniversary of the liberation of
Auschwitz. but also a Remembrance Day, the peoples (of the world),
/not the jewish people GB/), present and future, would express their
opposition to anti-semitism, racism and other forms of discrimination,
and their support for those subjected to them.
BBC News UK
'Holocaust Day' to remember victims
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/225280.stm.



National Day to Combat Antisemitism (27. Januar)

The Israeli Government has designated January 27th as a "National Day to
Combat Antisemitism". This day coincides with the annual European
commemoration of the Holocaust and the date Auschwitz was liberated.
On January 27th many activities will take place in the Israeli
educational system, the Israel Defense Force, Youth Movements and at Yad
Vashem. The Knesset will hold a special session with the participation
of the Prime Minister and Minister Natan Sharansky who initiated "The
National Day to Combat Antisemitism" and said: "Antisemitism threatens
the Jewish people, the very existence of the State of Israel, and in
fact the entire world and we must fight it".
http://www.jafi.org.il/press/2004/jan/jan23.htm

More Links about the Holocaust
maintained by Al Filreis
http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/holhome.html


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

青黴やアウシュビッツに万の靴
aokabi ya aushubittsu ni man no kutsu

green mold -
tens of thousands of shoes
at Auschwitz

Iwai Kumie 岩井久美恵
Tr. Fay Aoyagi

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HAIKU

Holocaust Day
sound of swing music
forbidden then

Angelika Wienert


Holocaust Day
two silent minutes
downtown

Gerd Boerner

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Anti-War Haiku Wall

Mauthausen lager - do not forget anymore

lager stones
for each one a name -
bodies in the wind

Moussia - Roma
http://www.tempslibres.org/awhw/themes/holo01.html

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Shoah by Gerd Boerner 2003

Die bleichen Kinder
küssen die Erde - nun
vor den Öfen

Before the ovens
they kneel and kiss the ground –
those pallid children.

http://www.tempslibres.org/awhw/themes/holo02.html

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Auschwitz --
globok sneg ne more
pobeliti grozot

Auschwitz --
deep snow cannot whiten
the atrocities

***

komemoracija
na ledenih krizih
niti ene ptice

commemoration
on the icy crosses
not a single bird

Alenka Zorman, Slovenia 2005


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Garry Eaton about
Bergen Belsen
source : Shiki Kukai September 2010


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Related words

***** Day of Desolation .. Yom haShoah

There is a cycle "Mauthausen" in German related to this topic:

Themen-Zyklus von Gerd Börner, Dietmar Tauchner und Angelika Wienert
2004
http://www.haiku-heute.de/Tafel/Tafel-004/tafel-004.html



. Hiroshima Memorial Day (Hiroshima-ki)
Nagasaki Memorial Day　(Nagasaki-ki)
Japan



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Horse Chestnut

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Horse Chestnut (tochi 栃)

***** Location: Japan, Europe, others
***** Season: Spring and Autumn
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

Aesculus hippocastanum, Aeculus turbinata

kigo for early summer

flower of the horse chestnut, tochi no hana
栃の花/ 橡の花（とちのはな）


The tree grows in the mountains and also in gardens and as a roadside tree. It grows to more than 30 meters in hight. Around May, the flowers like beautiful candles in white and pink begin to show.

. . . . .

kigo for late autumn


fruit of the horse chestnus,
tochi no mi 橡の実/ 栃の実（とちのみ）

spinning tops with chestnuts,
ko no mi koma 木の実駒 late autumn

The fruit is almost round and falls down in late autumn.

Sometimes the fruit is used to prepare a kind of flower, making bisquits and other food. To prepare the bitter fruit for human consumption, the poor mountain dwellers used a process that took quite some time to get the bitterness out of the fruit.

Children use these fruits to make small toys, animals and so on.
. . . CLICK here for Photos : chestnut toys !

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quote
The Horse Chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum,
which has also been known as Hippocastanum vulgare (Gaertn.), is an entirely different tree from the Sweet Chestnut, to which it is not even distantly related, and is of much more recent importation to English soil. It is a native of northern and central parts of Asia, from which it was introduced into England about the middle of the sixteenth century.

The name Aesculus (from esca, food) was applied originally to a species of oak, which according to Pliny, was highly prized for its acorns, but how it came to be transferred to the Horse Chestnut is very uncertain; perhaps, as Loudon suggests, it was given ironically, because its nuts bear a great resemblance, externally, to those of the Sweet Chestnut, but are unfit for food. Hippocastanum (the specific name of the common sort) is a translation of the common name, which was given - Evelyn tells us - 'from its curing horses brokenwinded and other cattle of coughs.' Some writers think that the prefix 'horse' is a corruption of the Welsh gwres, meaning hot, fierce, or pungent, e.g. 'Horse-chestnut' = the bitter chestnut, in opposition to the mild, sweet one.



---Part Used Medicinally---
The bark and the fruit, from both of which a fluid extract is made. The bark is stripped in the spring and dried in the sun, or by slight artificial heat, and when dry, occurs in commerce in flattened pieces, 4 to 5 inches long and about 1 to 1 1/2 inch broad-about 1 to 1 1/4 inch thick, greyish-brown externally, showing corky elongated warts, and on the inner surface pinkish-brown, finely striated longitudinally. The bark is odourless, but has a bitter astringent taste.

---Medicinal Action and Uses---
The bark has tonic, narcotic and febrifuge properties and is used in intermittent fevers, given in an infusion of 1 OZ. to the pint, in tablespoonful doses, three or four times daily. As an external application to ulcers, this infusion has also been used with success.

The fruits have been employed in the treatment of rheumatism and neuralgia, and also in rectal complaints and for haemorrhoids.
source : www.botanical.com


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Worldwide use

Germany

der Kastanienbaum, die Kasatanie

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Horse chestnuts (at least in Northern Europe)
seem to provide kigo in both spring and autumn.

In the spring time, the horse chestnuts' leaves are among the first to unfurl and grow green. They are followed by the beautiful flowers, perhaps the closest a flowering tree in Europe gets to the glory of the Kenyan / tropical trees.

And in the autumn, there are the chestnuts themselves, growing on the trees, falling off, becoming playthings for the children -- and seeds for those who want to grow an easy and beautiful tree.
Isabelle Prondzynski

summer evening
sleeping through rain at night -
first chestnuts falling

Isabelle 2004


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Things found on the way

List of trees and haiku to go

source : 木に関する俳句

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HAIKU


tochimochi　栃餅　mochi rice cakes



木曽のとち浮世の人の土産かな
Kiso no tochi ukiyo no hito no miyage kana

chestnuts from Kiso
as souvenirs for those
of the floating world . . .

The chestnuts of Kiso were famous. The poor farmers used to prepare the horse chestnuts in a way to make mochi ricecakes out of them to have some food in the winter months. This was also a souvenir at the time of Basho.

. Matsuo Basho Travelling .

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grassy meadow -
a child gathers
one sweet chestnut

Issa
Tr. Gabi Greve

Issa might be talking about the sweet chestnut, see below.

. . .

橡の実や幾日ころげて麓まで

horse chestnut--
how many days till you roll
down the mountain?
(Tr. David Lanoue)

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仰ぎ見る樹齢いくばくぞ栃の花
aogimiru jurei ikubaku zo tochi no hana

looking up
at how many years of life -
chestnut flowers

. Sugita Hisajo 杉田久女


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雨よりもさみしきさまに橡散れり
ame yori mo samishiki sama ni tochi chireri

more lonely
than the rain they fall -
chestnut blossoms

Uemura Sengyo 上村占魚（1920-1996）


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Related words

***** Sweet chestnut (kuri 栗 )

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Hot Whiskey

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Hot Whiskey (Whisky)
Toddy

***** Location: Ireland, Scotland
***** Season: All Winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Please note the spelling -- Irish Whiskey has an "e" where Scotch Whisky does not have one.
In Ireland, it is said to keep colds away...
Isabelle Prondzynski

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Recipe for one Drink of Irish Hot Whiskey

1 measure of Irish Whiskey
2 teaspoons of white or brown sugar
2 slices of freshly cut lemon
6 cloves
8 ounces (or less) of boiling water

Pour whiskey and sugar into a strong heatproof glass. Embed 3 cloves into each lemon slice and place in glass.Add the boiling water and stir until the sugar has dissolved.
Serve immediately.
http://www.ireland-information.com/irishrecipes/hotwhiskey.htm

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Recipe for Scottish Hot Whisky

50 ml (2 floz) Scotch Whisky
Hot Water
1 tbsp Lemon Juice
3-4 Sugar Cubes

Half fill a tumbler with hot (not boiling) water. Allow the glass to warm before emptying it. Place sugar cubes in the tumbler, add a small wine glass of hot water
and dissolve the sugar. Add a small wine glass of whisky and the lemon juice, stir.

Note: This is really good for colds and flu, it might not be a cure, but it certainly helps. And if the first one doesn't the next one might.
http://thefoody.com/drinks/toddy.html

** ** **
Scottish Hot Whisky Punch

1 Bottle Whisky
450g (1lb) Sugar Cubes
1.1lt (2 pints) Tea
1 Lemon

Slice the lemon thinly. Make the tea, but do not add and milk. Pour the hot tea over the sugar and lemon and stir. Gently heat the whisky, do NOT allow to boil.
Add the warmed whisky. Flame and serve.
http://thefoody.com/drinks/hotwhisky.html

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Worldwide use

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Things found on the way

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HAIKU

hot whiskey
too cold and too ill
to write haiku

creamy kiss
a wild rover no more
irish coffee

Isabelle 2004.

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oaky notes
the taste of her kisses
flavour of whisky

GEERT VERBEKE

Read more of this sequence of 'BALVENIE' haiku (senryu)
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/happyhaiku/message/965


he shovels snow
in his tappit-hen
a hot whisky

warm-blooded
by her pretty legs
and a hot whisky

GEERT VERBEKE

Read more of Geert's Haiku here
http://happyhaiku.blogspot.com/2004/01/friends-geert-verbeke.html


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enjoying hot whiskey -
the old fisherman's fingers
tremble

hot whiskey -
thick smoke floates
through the pub

a broken vase
with dry flowers -
smell of hot whiskey

Gabi Greve

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ballast..
calming the waters
on Irish coffee

- Shared by John Byrne -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013


Reference : flyingboatmuseum.com/irishcoffee.html


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Related words

***** Irish Coffee : winter and St. Patrick's Day (March 17)
Irish Coffee is a winter kigo, and also definitely a kigo for St Patrick's Day (17 March), when Irish and would-be Irish all over the world celebrate together. One of the favourite drinks for such occasions is Irish Coffee, and one of the favourite songs is about The Wild Rover (a song which itself has whiskey as one of its main subjects!

I've been a wild rover for many's the year
I've spent all me money on whiskey and beer
But now I'm returning with gold in great store
And I never will play the wild rover no more
http://celtic-lyrics.com/lyrics/126

Isabelle Prondzynski


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The Irish Pubs in San Francisco have claimed that it was they that invented Irish Coffee. After much research their claim has been refuted. Verification of the facts was contributed by none other than Michael Collins, the 28 year veteran bar tender at Shannon Airport.

From 1939 to 1945 air travel from America was by flying boats that landed at Foynes, Co. Limerick after a long 18 hour flight. The passengers, chilled by the boat trip from the seaplane to the terminal, sometimes in cold, damp weather conditions, appreciated a hot cup of coffee or tea on arrival at the terminal. Brendan O'Regan,
then the youthful manager of the Foynes catering service believed that passengers would welcome something stronger. Mr. Joseph Sheridan, the head Chef at Foynes, rose to the occasion, developing after some research what is now known as Irish Coffee.

A plaque marking the achievement has been erected at Shannon Airport and Irish Coffee is increasingly enjoyed throughout the world.

Original Shannon Recipe

Heat a stemmed whiskey goblet.
Pour in one shot of Irish whiskey.
Add three sugar cubes.
Fill with strong black coffee to within one inch of top. Stir gently.
Top off to the brim with heavy cream slightly aerated.

Important: Do not stir after adding cream, as the true flavor is obtained by drinking the coffee and whiskey through the cream.

.. .. .. .. .. .. Slainte !!!
http://www.castletown.com/irishcoffee.htm


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Rita Taketsuru and Whisky in Hokkaido

25-year-old Masataka Taketsuru.
The Hiroshima native had recently been sent to Scotland by the managers of the drinks company for which he worked. Many decades earlier, Japanese manufacturers had cracked the secrets of European beer and brandy, but one skill still eluded them — the art of making whisky. They'd tried to emulate its taste with spices, herbs and honey, but all to no avail.

Masataka's company, Dai Nihon Kaju (later shortened to "Nikka").




MORE
source : Japan Times, November 2010

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- - - - - November 2013

Foreigner to be NHK morning drama series heroine

NHK will for the first time feature a non-Japanese heroine in its popular morning serial dramas.
The TV dramas are a national institution. Each series usually contains 150 episodes, with one 15-minute episode being broadcast every morning for 6 days a week over a 6-month period.

NHK announced on Monday that its 91st drama series, to be aired from late September next year, will be based on the true story of a Scottish woman named Rita and her Japanese husband, Masataka Taketsuru.

Taketsuru dedicated his life to the production of whisky, setting up his own distilling company in the northern prefecture of Hokkaido in the 1930s.
source :　NHK world news

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