Grapes (budoo)

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Grapes (budoo) and wine

***** Location: Japan, Europe, other areas
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

Grapes, and one of their products, the wine, give us pleasure during the whole year. Here I will introduce some kigo related to this fruit.

The origin of the grapes is probably Western Asia, but now it is grown almost everywhere in the world. In Japan, grapes were introduced during the Heian period in a special way, using separate shelves for each plant. Now the region of Kooshuu 甲州 in Yamanashi is maybe the most famous wine-growing area.

In my area of Okayama prefecture, Japan, huge pione grapes are grown for eating (or rather giving away as presents), since they are extremely expensive.

Gabi Greve, September 2005


Look at a few more PIONE photos
岡山のピオーネ
http://www.bizen-okayama.com/pione/index.html

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SUMMER

flowers of the grapes, budoo no hana　葡萄の花
..... kigo for early summer

The flowers are very small and of a yellow-greenish color. They look almost like the stem, but they have a faint sweet smell.


http://www.furano.ne.jp/melon-ikeda/photo/photo45html.htm


kigo for late summer

aobudoo, ao budoo 青葡萄 (あおぶどう) green grapes

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AUTUMN

kigo for early autumn

wild grapes, mountain grapes, yamabudoo　山葡萄
Vitis coignetiae)
They are extremely delicious and loved by the wild animals too. They can grow in colder areas than the usual grapes. In autumn, they also show a lovely red color of the leaves. When ripe, the small fruit are almost black. They make a delicious wine out of it in my area in Okayama, Japan. You can only drink it when someone gives a bottle as a present, it is just tooo expensive.

Two more types of wild grapes as kigo

nobudoo 野葡萄 (のぶどう) wild grapes
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Ampelopsis
hebibudoo / jabuoo 蛇葡萄（へびぶどう）"serpent grapes"
Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var.heterophylla


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kigo for mid-autumn

grapes, budoo, budō　葡萄
Muscat マスカット
Pione　ピオーネ

grapes from Kooshuu, kooshuu budoo　甲州葡萄
black grapes, kuro budoo　黒葡萄
vinyard, budoo-en　葡萄園

shelf for growing grapes, budoo tana 葡萄棚


http://www12.plala.or.jp/grapes/tana/tana.html

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kigo for late autumn

red leaves of the vine, budoo momiji 葡萄紅葉


budooshu kamosu 葡萄酒醸す (ぶどうしゅかもす)
to make wine
. . . budooshu seisu 葡萄酒製す（ぶどうしゅせいす）
. . . budooshuu tsukuru 葡萄酒作る（ぶどうしゅつくる）
. . . wain tsukuru ワイン作る（わいんつくる）
. . . wain matsuri ワイン祭（わいんまつり）

***** Grape Festival (Winzerfest, Wine festival)


　WASHOKU
Japanese wine 　


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kigo for all winter

dried vine plants, budoo karu 葡萄枯る

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Worldwide use

China

Dancing under the Grape Shelves in the oasis Turfan

Look at a beautiful photo here:
http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/photograph/turfan/0052.html.ja

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Germany

Trauben. Weinberg. Weinlese, Traubenlese.

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Things found on the way

The Father of Japanese Grapes and Wine
Kawakami Zenbei

The history of wine in Japan goes back to the beginning of the Meiji Era (1868-1912). At that time, young grapevines were imported with official encouragement from the government and winemaking was attempted. However, it was difficult to adapt it to the Japanese climate and almost all attempts at growing grapes or making wine ended in failure.

In 1890, Kawakami Zenbei set up the Iwanohara Vineyard in Takada, in snowy Niigata Prefecture and three years later, using grapes he had harvested with his own hands, began making wine.

Read more of this pioneer here:
Kawakami Zenbei

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2. Japanese wine production

Legend has it that grape-growing began at Yamanashi, where is major wine and grape produce region now. Wine may have been made from local grapes in Yamanashi in early times and consumed very locally. Yamanashi has the least rainfall and less fatalities soil, therefore rice can not be grown in Yamanashi. It is not difficult to assume that people live in Yamanshi compelled to drink wine instead of rice wine called "sake" which is more popular alcohol beverage.
In 1875, the first commercial winery was established in Katsunuma, Yamanashi, which is now a part of Mercian winery which is the second largest company in Japan.

As Mt Fuji provide rain shadow effects in Kofu Valley, Yamanshi has the least rainfall in Japan. But it still has excess 1000mm annual and 800mm rainfall during growing season. Especially, flowering season, in June and early in July is a monsoon season, this causes serious downy and powdery mildew problems. Worthily, just before harvesting, in September, we have typhoon season, sometimes it causes wind damage as well as bunch rot problems. Excess water and fertile soils makes vine vigorously, grape quality can be reduced without careful yield control. 　

Read a lot more about the
Japanese Wine Industry

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HAIKU

山葡萄むらさきこぼれる山日和
yamabudoo murasaki koboreru yama-biyori

wild grapes -
purple shimmers through
on a fine day in the mountains
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

水原秋桜子 Mizuhara Shuuooshi
http://www.cityfujisawa.ne.jp/~m-itazu/autum.html

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わが腋も葡萄の花をこぼすべし
waga waki mo budoo no hana o kobosubeshi


阿部青鞋 Abe Seiai
http://tinyurl.com/9djx5

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葡萄食う一語一語の如くにて
budoo kuu hitokoto hitokoto no gotoku nite

munching grapes -
like saying one word
and one more word
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

中村草田男

.....

待つといふことの寂けさ青葡萄　　　
matsu to iu koto no sabishikesa ao-budoo

how lonely it is
to wait for someone -
green grapes
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

林翔 Hayashi Shoo
http://www1.ocn.ne.jp/~yamabito/special/pc_qa/haiku_saijiki_021225.html#n47

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kuroki made murasaki fukaki budoo kana

purple unto
blackness:
grapes!

Masaoka Shiki
http://terebess.hu/english/haiku/shiki.html

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Reife

Der Herbst reift ins Jahr.
Sonnenselig räkeln sich
Die vollen Trauben.

© Hans-Jürgen Murer
http://kurztexte.de/zKATJA/haiku/haiku01_04.htm

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> > um den jungen Trieb
> > ein Band knüpfen –
> > lose

> > Pfirsichblüten
> > zwischen den Rebstöcken
> > die jungen Triebe abgebissen

Gerd Börner, 2005

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All of New England
in a jar of wild grape jelly
and a clambake

© Helen Stiles Chenoweth
http://www.ahapoetry.com/PP900..htm


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grape smell
invite us for a hike
in the autumn hills

Alex Serban, Romania
autumn 2010



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Related words

***** Grape harvest (Weinlese, Traubenlese, Vendanges)
kigo for autumn

France

Grape Harvest and Grape Festival in Nizas Taken from a blog by Anthony Tidswell, written over a number of years ~ For a village like Nizas in the heart of the Midi in the South of France, the "vendange", the havest, is the most important time of the year. The main crop in our village is grapes to make wine. The fields all around the village and for as far as the eye can see are vineyards, but it was not always like this. In the 17th century the cloth from the sheep in this region was world famous, the Port of Sête and the weaving town of Villeneuvette were "New Towns" created by King Louis the 14th. Olives are also grown and are an important commercial crop The photos are of Akiko, a young lady from San Francisco who stayed with us for a week and was determined to do the vendange. http://www.nizas.com/vendange/ http://www.nizas.com/vendange/aki-2.html http://www.nizas.com/vendange/aki-press.html ... ... ... The dates for the grape harvest vary a little depending on the grape variety and the place. Here in Nizas it is usually the first week in September give or take a couple of days, further south it can be a week or so earlier and north a week or so later. The whole shebang is over in a month, then we drink the wine. Olives are picked in late September for the green ones and in January for the black ones Most picking is by machine, hand picking is one of the hardest jobs on this earth, no farmer here would employ a 'dude' ranch person even if they paid the farmer for the week. It has been tried and failed, now the quality grapes and the production are too valuable. Teams of hand pickers used to come from Spain, now it is eastern Europe, pay is $5 per hour for a 10 hour day starting at 7.00 am, you are bent double most of the time, unless you are used to it a beginner very rarely gets to the second day. The best thing is to come and watch and drink last years harvest to make room for this years. http://www.francevoila.com/archives/3.html The French phenomenon that the size of the tractor is inversely proportional to the driver is evident everywhere as the miniature vineyard tractors haul huge trailers full of grapes and these are driven by giants of men who look as if they could carry the toy tractor back to the farm in their pockets. From five in the morning until after midnight, the machines are in the vines driving over the rows with their floodlights playing in the fields. These machines 'whine' like a lost banshee as their hydraulic systems are driven at full throttle. http://www.francevoila.com/archives/6.html I have written a few times about "the vendange", the grape harvest. I am getting many letters from readers asking if they can come to France and spend happy days picking grapes and pleasant evenings sitting at rustic tables eating fresh bread and cheese with friends and singing songs until the wine jugs are empty. The vendange will start soon, but the reality is less romantic. Officially no one can get casual work without being registered, most grapes are now picked by machine and there is nothing romantic about a giant blue or yellow contraption like something from a Star Wars movie thundering along the vines and stripping them of the grapes by the ton. The few remaining vineyards requiring hand picking are often jealously guarded by the regular workers. By the evening after 8 hours of hard work for a fixed rate of 42FF (US60c) an hour, the last thing most vendangers want to think about is a jug of wine and a sing song, a hot bath is more likely. http://www.francevoila.com/archives/38.html So now the grapes are nearly in, we wait with bated breath for the wine festivals. A continuous series of overindulging in speeches by every Mayor in the region and all the officials from every winery plus all their assistants, various other people wearing very bad suits and atrocious ties, some almost sober entertainers and more speeches. This will happen in every one of hundreds of villages in the south of France from mid October for about eight weeks. After these illuminating speeches there is unlimited food and drink supplied free for all who remained awake. The trick is to arrive not too late to be rude, but late enough to miss at least a couple of hours of speaking. My friend and Jazz saxophone player, Terry Thompson, has this technique of optimum arrival time down to a fine art. It is important to get to the groaning tables at just the right time. The wiser and older villagers know which bottles are worth drinking and you see them sidle up to these with deft movements they flick the best bottles closer to their reach so that when the talking has ceased and the applause had subsided, they are in position to get the first of the best. Fortunately these festivals are staggered (a very apt word) so you can go from one festival to the next for almost two months and eat, drink and be "merry" to your heart's content. Then there are the new year celebrations to prepare for. http://www.francevoila.com/archives/55.html Anthony Tidswell

Début des vendanges
Le coteau n'est plus, dès l'aube
Qu'un vaste parking

HAIKU DE COEUR
http://tinyurl.com/76k76

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***** Wine pressing, Stoarcerea strugurilor (Romania)
usually October,
Kigo for Autumn

pressing Riesling grapes
in the most high-tech fashion—
the song is the same …

watching the courtyard
and thinking of my father—
wine-pressing season

the “boring” neighbour
to whom no one will talk, joined
the wine-pressing rush …

Cristian Mocanu
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***** Sweet Wine, Must (Romania) Most (Germany)

In October, even cityfolk get to enjoy sweet wine in (sometimes open air) locales. A whole range of urban folklore has flourished in connection with this Must.

Cristian Mocanu

For more see Romanian Saijiki

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continue here:

***** Grape Festival (Winzerfest, Wine festival)



WASHOKU : Yamabudoo 山葡萄 wild grapes


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Back to the Worldkigo Index
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/

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Gorse (enishida)

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Gorse, Furze (enishida, Japan)

***** Location: Japan, Europe
***** Season: Early Summer
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

Enishida エニシダ　金雀枝、金雀花、金雀児
The Chinese characters mean "Gold - Sparrow - Twig", or "Gold - Sparrow - Flower". They are very unusual and did not show in my Japanese wordprocessor.

The plant originates in Southern Europe and was introduced to Japan around 1670 by the merchands from Holland. The long green branches hang down like a bend bow and start flowering around May. The plant belongs to the family of beans, and the yellow or brownish-yellow flowers hang thickly on the branches. They are often used for hedges.
We also planted some around the home, but they did not last the many rainy season and the many storms of last year made an end of them.

By the way, the English FURZE reminds me of the German word for "I am farting", so I choose GORSE as main name. The plant in German is called GINSTER.

Reading the below text from an English explanation, I think the Japanese use of the GOLD is also explained very nicely.
Gabi Greve

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Ulex Europaeus, Ulex Galli, Ulex Minor




"I am the blaze on every hill”

Fiona Ware 2003

After the bleakness of winter, furze clothes the hillsides and heaths with a welcome blanket of headily scented yellow flowers. It is one of the first flowering plants of the Spring, with most bushes in full bloom by April. With the newly awakened bees busy among the flowers it fills the senses with the promise of honey and other good things to come

Furze, also known as gorse or whin, is a perennial evergreen shrub belonging to the pea family. It forms a much branched, stunted shrub usually no taller than six feet high. The leaves are very small and in older plants they form into long needle-like thorns. It is found in rough pastures, heaths and rocky places, preferring a dry soil. The word furze is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name fyrs, and gorse from the Anglo Saxon gorst, which means ‘a waste’ this being a reference to the open moorlands where it is often found.

The plant’s thorns, and its dense habit, makes furze an excellent hedging plant. It can also be used as a barrier to protect young tree seedlings in coppices and as cover for game birds. Chopped up branches were placed in vegetable beds to keep mice and birds off newly planted crops. Pliny, who first named the plant Ulex, stated that the branches were placed in streams to collect gold dust from the water. When dried and burned, the gold could be collected as tiny nuggets from the ash.

The thorny nature of the plant means that it is often viewed as having protective powers. In Wales it was said to guard against witches.

The flowers are a deep yellow and have a pungent coconut scent. Although the main flowering period is from march to august, flowers can be found on bushes throughout the year. There are three species of furze, which all have slightly different flowering seasons, so that to the casual observer it would appear that the bush is almost always in bloom. This lengthy flowering led to the country saying:

“ when the gorse is out of bloom, kissing is out of fashion.”



The habit of adding a sprig of furze bloom in a bridal bouquet is thought to allude to this, the all-year-round blossom being a symbol of continuous fertility.

As well as it’s use as a hedging material, furze was traditionally gathered into faggots and used as tinder to start fires. In 1864 it was cultivated in Surrey and other English counties especially for this purpose, being popular with bakers to whom it was sold as fuel for their ovens. It has a high concentration of oil in its leaves and branches, and so catches fire easily and burns well, giving off a heat almost equal to that of charcoal. Because older plants can carry a lot of dead wood, furze can be a hazard in hot, dry summers. The ashes have a high alkali content and can be mixed with animal fat to produce soap, or clay, to form a soap substitute. They were also spread onto the fields to improve the soil.

Furze can also be used as fodder for animals. It was said that an acre of furze could provide enough winter feed for six horses. It has half the protein content of oats. Horses and goats can strip the leaves and eat them straight from the plant, but it was usual practice to run the branches through stone mills or hit them with wooden mallets. This crushed the thorns and reduced the wood to a moss like consistency, which made it more palatable, especially to cows and sheep. The bushes were often deliberately burnt down in order to encourage new growth, the fresh sprouts of furze and grass providing easily accessible food for stock.

The bark and flowers produce a fine yellow dye. In Eire the flowers were also used to flavour and add colour to whiskey and the Danes were reputed to use them to make beer. They can also be used to make wine and tea. Flower buds, collected and potted with a blade of mace and some peppercorns, in a white wine vinegar and salt solution, make a fine pickle.

Culpepper states in his herbal, that furze was good to open obstructions of the liver and spleen.

“A decoction made with the flowers therof hath been found effectual against the jaundice and also to provoke urine, cleanse the kidneys from gravel or stone ingendered in them”

Studies in the nineteenth century confirmed that the high alkaline content of the plant had a purgative effect. An infusion of the blooms, as a drink, was given to children suffering from scarlet fever. It was also used to cleanse the home;

‘ .. against fleas, take this same wort,
with it’s seed sodden;
sprinkle it into the house;
it killeth the fleas”

In homeopathy furze is used to help people who have given up hope, who have no faith in the future. It puts people in touch with their own inner resources and helps them move forward by releasing courage and determination.

In the Scottish highlands holly and gorse were sacred trees of the Cailleach Bheur, a blue hag, who was associated with winter and the protection of animals during the season. She was reborn every All Hallows Eve and brought back the winter weather with her magical staff, which froze the ground with every tap. On Beltane Eve she returned to the Earth, throwing her staff beneath a gorse bush before turning to stone.

As one of the sacred trees, furze was included in the Celtic Beltane bonfires. The stock would be herded between these for purification and protection before being released onto the summer grazing. When this tradition diminished, torches of furze were still carried around the herds and farm buildings in order to cleanse the air and protect the animals against sterility.



Thy yellow blooms – oh, they to me
Are gold and sunshine blent together
Moses Teggart 1908

Furze is closely associated with the sun god Lugh, the Celtic god of light and genius and with the Spring Equinox, at which time it’s one of the only plants in full flower. However folklore attaches it to festivals throughout the spring and summer months as a symbol of the power of the sun. In Brittany the Celtic festival of Lugnasdagh, on August 1st, is known as The Festival of Golden Gorse.

As an evergreen that flowers the whole year round, furze is seen to carry within it a spark of the sun’s life giving energy, a spark that can be seen even through the darker winter months. It is a symbol of encouragement and a promise of good things to come. Furze tells us to remain focused and optimistic, even in the darkest days. To keep hopeful and remain constant throughout the inevitable periods of difficulty we all experience.

As one of the first Spring flowering plants, the furze provides a plentiful supply of pollen for bees when they first come out of hibernation. The product of the bees labour, honey, is the Celtic symbol of wisdom, achieved through hard work and dedication. The furze tells us that if we apply ourselves and keep faith in the future, we will be rewarded. However bleak things may appear, there is always the possibility of periods of fertility, creativity and well being. Whilst its thorns remind us that there is protection from unwanted ideas or influences.
source : www.druidry.org/obod/trees/furze


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Worldwide use

Germany


source :　Marie-Hélène Cingal

Stechginster (Ulex europaeus)



Besenginster, Broom

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broom_%28shrub%29
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besenginster


a prickly fall
into the gorse bush
alas not broom

Isabelle Prondzynski

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Ireland

Gorse is an excellent kigo in Ireland for late winter / early spring.
Its conspicuous yellow flowers and pervading presence on less fertile, stony soils, means that it is part of rural awareness throughout the country. Its heavy scent brings a whiff of summer into the cold season, reminding one of tropical greenhouses.

Isabelle Prondzynski


Other texts and photos here :

http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/travel/nature/trees/gorse.shtm

http://www.shee-eire.com/Herbs,Trees&Fungi/Herbs/Gorse/gorsefacts.htm


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Things found on the way

A page of the Flower Park in Shinjuku, in the middle of Tokyo, where many flowers are raised.
They list a "Princess Gorse" Hime Enishida, which flowers from April to May.

source :　garden/shinjukugyoen


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HAIKU

Sharp in the sunlight,
The new flowers on the bright gorse
Smell of coconut.

Helen Kenyon
http://www.baradel.demon.co.uk/haiku/

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gorse flowers
another burnt out car
in the lay-by

Paul Conneally


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rimming the valley
a buttress of
yellow gorse

Jon Iddon
http://www.poetrymagazines.org.uk/magazine/record.asp?id=11732

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spring sun
the deeper yellow
of the gorse

Alison Williams
http://haiku.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp/~shiki/shiki.archive/html/9904/0213.html

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grazing snails
on the gorse
this year's flowers

Matt Morden
http://haiku.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp/~shiki/shiki.archive/html/9711/0523.html

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Ein Tag zu zweit in
den Grenzen der Harmonie.
Ginster am Wege.

A day for the two of us
in the limits of Harmony.
Gorse on the wayside.
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Günther Klinge
http://kulturserver-nds.de/home/haiku-dhg/Archiv/Texte%20der%20Mitglieder%20Maerz%202004.html

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Der Ginster leuchtet
über dem feuchten Rasen.
Die Sonne geht auf

Gorse sparkles
above the wet lawn.
The sun rises
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Stefan Wolfschütz
http://www.wortgetreu.de/stefanwolfschuetz-gast.html

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busy bees
head for the hilside -
gathering gorse

- Shared by Jimmy ThePeach ‎
Joys of Japan, March 2012



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Related words

***** WKD : Ireland Saijiki


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Girl Scout Cookies

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Girl Scout cookies

***** Location: USA
***** Season: All Spring
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Pre-teen girls go from door to door in neighborhoods to sell Girl Scout cookies to help raise money for the Girl Scout organization. This has traditionally happened this time of year. Even at work, the parents of such children are eagerly supporting their daughters by soliciting co-workers to buy cookies.
I think the most popular type is thin-mint.

"chibi" (pen-name for Dennis M. Holmes)

In some areas, they are prepared in December or January, in some others later in the year till March.

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Girl Scout Cookies are a familiar part of American culture.



For more than 80 years, Girl Scouts, with the enthusiastic support of their families, have helped ensure the success of local Girl Scout Cookie activities. From its earliest beginnings to its current popularity, the sale of cookies has helpd Brownie and Junior Girl Scouts and Girl Scouts 11-17 have fun, develop valuable life skills, and make the world a better place by helping to support Girl Scouting in their communities. Girls are proud that their efforts provide resources for their local Girl Scout councils and for their own Girl Scout troops/groups.

© 1998-2005, Girl Scouts of the United States of America.
http://www.girlscouts.org/program/gs_cookies/cookie_history/

Girl Scout Cookies® had their earliest beginnings in the kitchens and ovens of our girl members, with mothers volunteering as technical advisers. The sale of cookies as a way to finance troop activities began as early as 1917, five years after Juliette Gordon Low started Girl Scouting in the United States. The earliest mention of a cookie sale found to date was that of the Mistletoe Troop in Muskogee, Oklahoma, which baked cookies and sold them in its high school cafeteria as a service project in December 1917.

In July 1922, The American Girl magazine, published by Girl Scout national headquarters, featured an article by Florence E. Neil, a local director in Chicago, Illinois. Miss Neil provided a cookie recipe that was given to the council's 2,000 Girl Scouts. She estimated the approximate cost of ingredients for six- to seven-dozen cookies to be 26 to 36 cents. The cookies, she suggested, could be sold by troops for 25 or 30 cents per dozen.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Girl Scouts in different parts of the country continued to bake their own simple sugar cookies with their mothers. These cookies were packaged in wax paper bags, sealed with a sticker, and sold door to door for 25 to 35 cents per dozen.

AN EARLY GIRL SCOUT COOKIE® RECIPE

1 cup butter
1 cup sugar plus additional amount for topping (optional)
2 eggs
2 tablespoons milk
1 teaspoon vanilla
2 cups flour
1 teaspoon salt
2 teaspoons baking powder

Cream butter and the cup of sugar; add well-beaten eggs, then milk, vanilla, flour, salt, and baking powder. Refrigerate for at least 1 hour. Roll dough, cut into trefoil shapes, and sprinkle sugar on top, if desired. Bake in a quick oven (375°) for approximately 8 to 10 minutes or until the edges begin to brown. Makes six- to seven-dozen cookies.
http://www.girlscouts.org/program/gs_cookies/cookie_history/early_years.asp

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo

Look at some photos of these delicacies:

http://tinyurl.com/pb7gd
http://tinyurl.com/pjea4
http://tinyurl.com/oyc8r
http://tinyurl.com/rnl7q
http://tinyurl.com/m2ksw

and one more link :
http://www.girlscout.or.jp/aaa/index_e.html

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

Girl Scout cookies;
office coffee perks our conversation

"chibi" (pen-name for Dennis M. Holmes)

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thin mints
I polish off
the box

Linda Papanicolaou

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My sister, eternally trying to diet, refers to the Girl Scouts selling
cookies as: "Those dirty little pushers!"

She always succumbs
Down to the crumbs

Winnie Cross
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/happyhaiku/message/2730

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Twin girl scouts -
double order of cookies,
one for each.

Zhanna P. Rader, 2006

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on the concourse
at O'Hare . . . Girl Scouts
hawking cookies

Johnye Strickland

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Related words

***** . The North American Saijiki Project .


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Gadfly (abu)

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Gadfly, horsefly (abu)

***** Location: Japan, worldwide
***** Season: Late Spring and Winter
***** Category: Animal

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Explanation

The Nihon Daisaijiki (The Large Japanese Season Word Dictionary)
gives the following explanation about the gadfly:

The gadfly has two wings, resembles a fly (hae) but is much bigger and has a lighter color. Her belly part has a nice shimmer. She is sometimes mistaken for a bee, but a bee has four wings. There are many types of gadflies the one which drinks the nectar of flowers (hana-abu 花虻, hime-abu 姫虻) is well known. Another kind drinks the blood of horses, cattle and sometimes even humans (ushi-abu 牛虻).
On spring days, we can hear the sound of the gadflies wings, which brings about a carefree, leisurely atmosphere and invites us to take a nap.

Well, to use the word “nonbiri”, leisurely, to describe the gadfly swirrling around, I must say, that surprized me. Reading the above explanation, the gadfly must have been a nice, welcome visitor of spring.

Gabi Greve


abu 虻 (あぶ) gadfly
..... hime abu 姫虻（ひめあぶ）
hana-abu 花虻（はなあぶ）
aoabu, ao-abu 青虻（あおあぶ）green gadfly
kiabu, ki-abu 黄虻（きあぶ）yellow gadfly
aome abu 青目虻（あおめあぶ）gadfly with blue eyes

shioya abu 塩屋虻（しおやあぶ）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

kooka abu 後架虻（こうかあぶ）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

ushi abu 牛虻（うしあぶ）gadfly on cattle
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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http://www.paleothea.com/Gallery/Gadfly.html


Some more biological information

Tabanidae
the tabanids or horse flies, a family of insects that bite humans and other animals to get blood. It includes the genera Chrysops, Chrysozona, Diachlorus, Goniops, Haematopota, Hybomitra, Silvius, and Tabanus. Many species are vectors of disease.

Tabanus (Ta·ba·nus)
[L. “gadfly”] a genus of biting, bloodsucking flies of the family Tabanidae; they transmit trypanosomes and anthrax to various animals.

Tabanus atractus, the common black horsefly of North America.
Tabanus bovicnus, a species that attacks cattle in Asia, Africa, and South America.
Tabanus ditaeniactus, Tabanus fasciactus, Tabanus gractus, the Seroot fly of the Sudan, which is very troublesome to humans and other animals.
http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_home.jsp

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Gadfly Mythology

A gadfly, such as the one BRIZE sent by Hera to plague Leto.
Brize was the Gadfly Hera sent after Io to torment her. This gadfly was the size of a sparrow with a stinger as big as a dagger. Hermes, who eventually was sent by Zeus to save the poor girl (or cow) killed the gadfly. If you want to know more, check out the Myth Pages.
In case you didn't figure it out, Brize means Gadfly.
http://www.paleothea.com/Gallery/Gadfly.html
http://www.paleothea.com/LadyMonsters.html#Brize


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kigo for all winter

fuyu no abu 冬の虻 (ふゆのあぶ) gadfly in winter
iteabu, ite-abu 凍虻（いてあぶ） freezing gadfly



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Worldwide use

Germany
I suppose, "gadlfy" (Bremse, Pferdebremse) may be a summer kigo here in Central Europe.
Its first appearance is in May-June, late spring or early summer; but mainly noticed during July to September, even from May to October.

Dietmar Tauchner

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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

ISSA and his Horsefly Haiku

花盛蓮の虻蚊に喰れけり
hana-zakari hasu no abuka ni kuware keri

lotuses at their peak
horseflies and mosquitoes
feast



虻蜂もそっちのけのけ蓮の花
abu-bachi mo sotchi noke noke hasu no hana

move aside
horseflies and bees!
lotuses are blooming



痩脛や涼めば虻に見込まるる
yase-zune ya suzumeba abu ni mikomaruru

thin legs--
while cooling myself appraised
by a horsefly


More are here
Tr. David Lanoue


uki ha uki ha hasu no abu ni zo kuwarekeru

floating leaves, floating leaves
lotus blossom horseflies
feed



© PHOTO: Horsefly Kites by 　NAGOYA KORYU

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. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .

虻蠅になぶらるる也捨早苗
abu hae ni naburaruru nari sute-sanae

rejected rice shoots --
how the flies and horseflies
torment them
Tr. Chris Drake


This hokku was written in the 5th month (June) of 1816, when Issa was living in his hometown. It was written right around the time of the death of his infant eldest son on 5/11. The boy had been born on 4/14, and his death or impending death is probably reflected in the sadness Issa feels when he sees the how some of the young rice shoots are treated during rice planting. Nari makes the scene objective, but Issa's emotional waves of sympathy are palpable.

More rice shoots were customarily grown than could be planted, and when the young shoots were carried out and transplanted into the wet paddy, those doing the planting would discard shoots that looked weak or not very vigorous. (Usually it was women who began the planting while singing traditional planting songs, since it was believed that women had more ability to make the shoots grow than men, a belief probably coming from shamanism). In the hokku these rejected shoots have been collected and are now kept as spares, for use in case some of the planted shoots don't grow well or get uprooted and float away. Generally rejects were floated in the water in one corner of the paddy or stuck into the mud at the border of the paddy. The shoots in the hokku seem to be stuck in the mud, perhaps bent over and lying on it, since flies and horseflies are constantly lighting on them and treating them as if they were nothing at all, even though they have the potential to become tall stalks of rice. Perhaps they are doubly spares that never found a use and are now completely ignored. It seems difficult for them to stay alive much longer. The strong language of the hokku recalls the horror expressed by an old woman in one of Issa's haibun when samurai authorities ask her to sell her house so they can destroy it, along with her rice crop, just as they have destroyed the rice plants in nearby paddies.

Issa's deep sympathy for weak and mistreated creatures and things pervades his writings. He considered himself a virtually motherless child, since his mother died at three, and other children made fun of him for having no mother. His stepmother was always cold to him, and when he was away to Edo at fourteen he must have suffered often as he tried to stay alive in the big city. Issa claimed in Oraga haru (Year of My Life) that his first hokku, written at age six, was:

ware to kite asobe ya oya no nai suzume

come here
orphan sparrow
play with me!

A chick seems to have fallen out of its nest and gotten lost, and Issa obviously feels they could share a lot together. Issa knew from various experiences what it was like to suffer and be discriminated against, though he never lost his faith in Amida. His ability to see both sides of experiences was a major factor in his willingness to go beyond the objective, descriptivist approach to haikai and to dialog with the world in personalistic, emotional terms.

Chris Drake

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虻もとらぬ蜂をもとらぬ月見哉
abu mo toranu hachi o mo toranu tsukimi kana

can't handle both
horseflies and wasps --
moon-viewing party
Tr. Chris Drake

This autumn hokku is from the 9th month (October) of 1821, when Issa was living in his hometown. The hokku makes an allusion to a proverb, "Not catching horseflies and not catching wasps," which means to do too many things at once and therefore to fail at everything. The proverb is based on the image of an impatient spider trying to catch a horsefly and a wasp at the same time, thereby allowing both to escape. The proverb is therefore about losing the ability to do multiple things due to lack of concentration. Issa humorously takes the proverb literally, but he is not a spider, so "catch" (toru) takes on another meaning: to remove or drive away. He and the others at a moon-viewing party on either the full-moon night of 8/15 or the nearly full-moon night of 9/13 try to enjoy food and drink and possibly music as they praise the moon and perhaps write hokku about it, but they are harassed by horseflies and wasps and no doubt by other insects as well, and they try to drive them away with their fans and their hands. Some people may be trying to swat the insects as well. As soon as they turn to drive away or swat one insect, however, another attacks from a different direction. The insects come from so many directions that soon everyone at the party is bitten multiple times. In spite of the pain, the great beauty of the moon and the conversation taking place in its light seem to keep the party going.

Chris Drake

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斯来いと虻がとぶ也草の道
koo koi to abu ga tobu nari kusa no michi

"Come this way!"
my horsefly guide
through the meadow
Tr. David Lanoue


- - - - - other translations for:
kusa no michi 草の道 / 艸の道 a road along the weeds, my clumsy way

Issa
harusame ya yomogi o nobasu kusa no michi


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Picknick
teile mein Blut
mit einer Bremse

picnic
sharing my blood
with a gadfly

Dietmar Tauchner

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gadfly humming
the cat retracts her paw
hastily

Gabi Greve
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/happyhaiku/message/196


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moist earth
a simple gadfly knows what’s best
for its eggs

Stella Pierides
Joys of Japan, January 2012


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Shared by Pat Geyer
Joys of Japan


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Related words

***** Bee (mitsubachi)



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Additions June 2005

safekeep copy

........................................................................ June 2005Basho Memorial Day (Basho-Ki) Japan (05)Rain Rituals (amagoi) (05) Japan. Rain Dance, Rain Prayer, RegenzauberLove-Bug (Southern US) Buddhabird (buppoosoo) (05) Dollarbird and Eurasian Scops-OwlCottonwood Populus deltoides (Midwestern US)Martisor (Amulet) (Romania)Spring at the Zoo , also Bird's NestFrog (kawazu, kaeru) (Japan)Lotus hasu, renge... (Japan)Candle Night (Japan)Blackthorn (Europa)Flower Trump Hanafuda including.................................. Card Games (karuta), Kigo for New YearIris Kakitsubata (Japan)Fireflies (hotaru) (05) updated (Japan)Pilgrimage (henro) (05) (Japan)Light offerings afloat (tooroo nagashi) (05) (Japan)

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Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
worldkigo .....

Back to the WHC Worldkigo Index
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/

Fruit Harvest (Romania)

nnnnnnnnnnnn TOP nnnnnnnnnnnnn

Fruit Harvest (Culesul fructelor)

***** Location: Romania
***** Season: Autumn
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

The standard image for autumn in our schoolbooks was that of a girl, proudly smiling, surrounded by baskets of fruit. Need I say more?
All fruit growing in autumn may be autumn kigo.

Cristian Mocanu, RO

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

afternoon sunlight
filtering through the basket
and its mild colours

putting on hold the
sadness, gloom, even cold days:
fruit harvest season

anticipating
the taste of winters to come—
testing marmalade

Cristian Mocanu, RO

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Related words

***** Romanian Kiyose (05)

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Please send your contributions to Gabi Greve
worldkigo@yahoo.com


WHC Worldkigo Discussion Group
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHCworldkigo/

Back to the WHC Worldkigo Index
http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/

Frost (shimo)

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Frost (shimo)

***** Location: Japan, India
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Heaven

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Explanation




- Shared by Virginia Popescu
Joys of Japan, March 2012


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kigo for all winter

frost, shimo 霜 (しも)
great frost, ooshimo　大霜
fukashimo 深霜（ふかしも） deep frost
koshimo 濃霜（こしも） "dense" frost
tsuyoshimo 強霜（つよしも） strong frost

frost flowers, shimo no hana　霜の花
mitsu no haha 三の花（みつのはな) "thre flowers
seijoo 青女（せいじょ） "blue lady"

shimodatami 霜だたみ（しもだたみ）
layer of frost "like a tatami straw mat"

hadarejimo, hadareshimo はだれ霜（はだれじも）
frost breaking off

clear and frosty, shimobare 霜晴
..... shimobiyori 霜日和（しもびより）
frost melting, shimodoke 霜解

asashimo 朝霜（あさしも） frost in the morning
shimoyo 霜夜（しもよ） evening with frost
yoshimo 夜霜（よしも） frost in the evening

voice of the frost, shimo no koe　霜の声 （しものこえ)

The voice of frost, on a quiet windless night, can be heared when the earth and air whisper: shin-shin. Sometimes I sit at our local temple and listen to this voice. Also in the bamboo grove we hear the shin-shin of frost.



shimonagi 霜凪（しもなぎ）windless, calm in the frost


shimoshizuku, shimo shizuku 霜雫（しもしずく）"a drop of frost"


. shimogare 霜枯 (しもがれ) withering in the frost


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EARTH for all winter


shimobashira 霜柱 (しもばしら) ice needles, frost columns
..... shimokuzure 霜くずれ（しもくずれ）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


. SAIJIKI ... category EARTH


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kigo for early winter

hatsu shimo, hatsushimo 初霜 (はつしも ) first frost

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kigo for late winter

jusoo 樹霜（じゅそう)
frost deposit on the branches of trees, rime
muhyoo 霧氷 (むひょう )
muhyoorin 霧氷林（むひょうりん）
sobyoo 粗氷（そひょう）


This develops often in Japanese climat when wind brings icerain that clings to the branches.


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humanity kigo for late spring

take away the frost protection (around the house and for trees or flowers)
shimoyoke toru 霜除とる (しもよけとる)
shimoyoke toku 霜除解く（しもよけとく）
shimogakoi toru 霜囲とる（しもがこいとる）

many homes in the Northern areas have wooden protections for snow and cold.



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shimo kusube 霜くすべ (しもくすべ)
kugushi くぐし



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kigo for all spring

haru no shimo 春の霜 (はるのしも) frost in spring
..... harushimo 春霜（はるしも）
..... shunsoo 春霜（しゅんそう）


kigo for late spring

wasurejimo 忘れ霜 (わすれじも) last frost, parting frost
lit. "forgetting frost"
bansoo 晩霜（ばんそう）end of frost
..... shunsoo 終霜（しゅうそう）

soogai 霜害（そうがい）damage of frost
especially to the new crops and buds

nagori no shimo 名残の霜（なごりのしも）traces of frost

wakarejimo 別れ霜（わかれじも）"good by frost"
..... shimo no wakare 霜の別れ（しものわかれ）
shimo no hate 霜の果（しものはて）


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kigo for all summer

natsu no shimo 夏の霜（なつのしも）
frost in summer



.SAIJIKI ... HEAVEN
Kigo for Summer



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kigo for late autumn

aki no shimo 秋の霜 (あきのしも)
frost in autumn
..... shuusoo 秋霜（しゅうそう）
aki no hatsujimo 秋の初霜（あきのはつじも） first frost of autumn


tsuyujimo 露霜 (つゆじも) frozen dew
"dew and frost"
mizushimo, mizu shimo 水霜（みずしも） frozen water
"water and frost"



THE FIELD
UNDER HOARFROST CARESSED BY THE SUN
IT IS LATE AUTUMN

Tatjana Debeljacki
September 2010, FB

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plant kigo for all autumn

. Shimomigusa 霜見草（しもみぐさ）"plant seeing frost" 　
a kind of chrysanthemum


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Frost forms when water vapour freezes into ice crystals on cold surfaces. In winter, temperatures are usually low as the sun is low in the sky during the day and the nights are long. On clear nights, when there is no blanket of clouds to keep the warmth in, then any heat received during the day quickly escapes. The temperature will therefore drop considerably and as the moisture in the air freezes, the ground will be covered with frost.

Frosts occur more often in some areas of the world than others. The tropics rarely, if ever, get frosts, whereas at the Poles, they occur almost continuously. In mid-latitudes (areas between the Poles and the Equator, such as Great Britain), frosts occur whenever the conditions are right. This happens more often inland than near the coast, because the sea retains heat and therefore stays warmer for longer, so making it harder for frosts to form.
http://www.rcn27.dial.pipex.com/cloudsrus/frost.html


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Worldwide use

Frost; Reif; Raureif

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Frost in India, a season of its own, November and December.



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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


Bunches of berries-
the first frost coming
before the colectors

Vasile Moldovan


cheering up winter morn
snow sprinkled
bright frosted berries

Tiong ChungHoo


red-berries gleam in
frost gently awaken to
a new Buddha-Dawn ~

RUDRA

Read more haiku on the frosted berries
http://home.alc.co.jp/db/owa/PH_detail?photo_sn_in=673

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Late frost still lurks but
Warm winter sun entices
Early buds spring forth

Jackie S Brooks (c)9 March 2004
http://www.authorsden.com/visit/viewpoetry.asp?AuthorID=14746&id=100133

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frost grey grass, pulled tight
here and there, a bright pumpkin
a pheasant leaps out.

© 1990 - 2003 Katharina Woodworth
http://www.aquafemina.com/frost-grey-grass.html

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asa shimo ni ushio o chirasu miyai kana

morning frost melts
in the floodtide...
Shinto shrine

Issa

Here are 35 Issa haiku about Frost.
http://cat.xula.edu/issa/searchissa.php?a_id=134&show_e=T&colors=T

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windless garden
a thin coating of frost
on the sprouts

Geert Verbeke
http://happyhaiku.blogspot.com/2004/01/friends-geert-verbeke.html

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sul muschio brilla
il velo della brina
ancora intatto

on the moss
the hoarfrost veil
still untouched

Moussia
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WHCworkshop/message/40329


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Related words

***** Late Frost, wakarejimo 別れ霜
kigo for late spring

left-over frost, traces of frost, shimo no nagori 霜の名残
very late frost, final frost, bansoo 晩霜
forgetting the frost, wasurejimo 忘れ霜

William J. Higginson, in Haiku World, qutes the following:
The Japanese literally says"forgotten frost", meaning that it was left behind by winter, or that we had forgotten that frost was still possible. Placement if this topic in late spring shows that the tradition recognizes how late such a frost may be [...] also called: "farewell frost"(wakarejimo).



morning sun <>
the late frost glitters
before it dies

Morgensonne <>
der spaete Frost glitzert
bevor er stirbt

© Photo and Haiku by Gabi Greve

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the king crow
preening his wings
late frost

Catherine J.S. Lee, USA
March 2008

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***** First Hoarfrost, Prima brumă
(Romania)
as early as September, Kigo for Autumn

the year’s first hoarfrost
even the old scarecrow is
a little scared …

joyfully meeting
the first hoarfrost as well:
I guess I’m lucky!

an alternative:
chose between the first hoarfrost
and some old poems

Cristian Mocanu



. WKD : Hoar frost, details .
white frost 白霜 in Japanese

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***** First Frost, Primul îngheţ (Romania)
usually November, Kigo for Autumn


first frost came early:
am I getting much older?
should I just move south?

Cristian Mocanu, 2005
Romanian Kiyose (05)

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***** Ice (koori　氷）
Ice (koori　氷


Wakare - Parting with friends
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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Fog, Mist, Haze and More

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Fog, Mist and more hazy words
Nebel, Dunst


http://iyashi.midb.jp/search/?id=2&mode=word
Oze Swamp in Spring

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Explanation

Fog and mist are well known phenomen, mostly during the whole year, but seasonally special in some areas. The Japanese kigo are well defined, but their translation in English might not bring the same familiar seasonal ring.

As a general rule, the Japanese words kasumi and oboro are haze and mist of spring, whereas kiri is the fog of autumn and winter.

Smog usually builds up in the summer months in big cities.

Misty memory, hazy mind and such use of adjectives are not considered kigo.

For more details, read the extensive explanations here, page 191 - 194:
Haiku World: An International Poetry Almanac
William J. Higginson

All these kigo belong the the category of HEAVEN (天然）.

Let us look at the physical nature of these phenomen first.

Fog, mist and haze are not precipitation as they don't fall to the ground. Reduced visibility near the ground is caused by tiny particles suspended in the air. Water droplets that cause a moderate reduction in visibility are called mist. Those causing a serious visibility problem are called fog. Mists and fogs often form over seas, rivers, and lakes. Particles of dust, smoke or salt that affect the clarity of the air are collectively known as haze.

Fog - visibility below 1,000 m (1,100 yards) - mainly affects aircraft.
Thick fog - visibility 50-200 m (55 - 220 yards) - dangerous for road traffic.
Dense fog - visibility below 50 m (55 yards) - seriously disrupts all forms of transport.



.. .. .. Three types of Fog

Radiation fog occurs when the land radiates heat into space and the air rapidly cools to the dew point. Radiation fog tends to collect in valleys and other ‘frost hollows' causing motorway pile-ups sometimes because drivers do not slow down enough in foggy conditions.

Sea fog - often known as 'steam' fog (over fresh water) or sea smoke (over the sea) forms when cold air is over much warmer water. This is the same effect as cold air turning to steam over a hot bath or hot sink. There needs to be about 9 degrees C difference for this to happen. True steam occurs when the temperature is 100 degrees C.

Advection fog occurs when warm moist air is cooled by a cooler surface, such as over a cool sea in the spring. Fog banks are common in the northwest Atlantic where they form over cold, shallow, offshore waters, such as the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. It also happens when warm moist air blows over a cold sea or lake.

Smog: (smoke-laden fog)
Dirty fog produced by air pollution in cities, and often occurring beneath a temperature inversion. The action of sunlight can produce photo-chemical smog.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/weatherwise/factfiles/basics/precipitation_fog.shtml

Weather Terms Glossary
http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/weatherwise/glossary/

The great Smog of London in 1952
http://weather.about.com/library/weekly/aa121402a.htm

Links about FOG
http://weather.about.com/sitesearch.htm?terms=fog&SUName=weather&TopNode=4018&type=1

Links about HAZE
http://weather.about.com/sitesearch.htm?terms=haze&SUName=weather&TopNode=4018&type=1

Links about MIST
http://weather.about.com/sitesearch.htm?terms=mist&SUName=weather&TopNode=4018&type=1


Malaysia haze
A smokey haze is creating profound problems in Malaysia, according to the Agence France Press. The haze, which is the result of forest fires on the nearby island of Sumatra, is delaying airline flights and creating health problems.


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Graves in Morning Mist
Read the Haiku Collection of Gabi Greve
http://happyhaiku.blogspot.com/2004/10/lonely-graves-in-mist.html


Now let us go back to the kigo related to these words.


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Spring

Mist, Spring mist, Spring mistiness ,
Spring haze, Spring haziness : kasumi　霞　

According to Higginson
Spring haziness focusses on obscured vision at night, whereas Spring haze refers to any haze or mist, usually during daytime hours.
(To complicate things, some refer to haze as "thin mist").

harugasumi 春霞（はるがすみ）spring haze
muragasumi 叢霞（むらがすみ）spots of haze

yaegasumi 八重霞（やえがすみ）many layers of haze
yokogasumi 横霞（よこがすみ）horizontal haze


evening haze : kasumi yo 霞夜

morning haze: asagasumi 朝霞
.... ariakegasumi 有明霞（ありあけがすみ）
hirugasumi 昼霞（ひるがすみ）haze during daytime
yuugasumi 夕霞（ゆうがすみ）haze in the evening
banka 晩霞（ばんか）haze at night


haze in the offing : kasumi no oki　霞の沖
kasumi no umi 霞の海（かすみのうみ）sea, ocean in haze
kasumi no nami 霞の浪（かすみのなみ）waves in haze


kasumi no fumoto 霞の麓（かすみのふもと)
foot of the mountain in haze
kasumi no tani 霞の谷（かすみのたに）valley in haze
kasumi no soko 霞の底（かすみのそこ）
haze at the bottom of the valley
kasumi no sora 霞の空（かすみのそら）sky in haze

kasumi no obi 霞の帯（かすみのおび）belt of haze

thin spring haze : usugasumi 薄霞


veil of haze : kasumi-gakure 霞隠れ
haze in the distance : too-kasumi 遠霞
wild plants in the haze : kusa kasumu 草霞む


kasumi shiku 霞敷く（かすみしく）haze is spreading
..... kasumi wataru 霞渡る（かすみわたる）
kasumi tanabiku 霞棚引く（かすみたなびく）haze is hanging
kasumi tatsu 霞立つ（かすみたつ）haze is building up



Mist could also be used as a translation for for the above terms.

In the following MIST seems the appropriate translation:

sleeves of mist : kasumi no tamoto 霞の袂
kasumi no koromo 、霞の衣（かすみのころも）
kasumi no sode 霞の袖（かすみのそで）

nets of mist : kasumi no ami 霞の網


. Saho-Hime 佐保姫 Princess Sahohime
and the spring mist and wind 　


..............................................................


sitting on a
blanket of mist,
stone buddha

Robert Wilson

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Spring haziness, Spring mistiness , haze, hazy
oboro 朧

kigo with OBORO are usually refering to evening and night phenomenon.
When the temperatures rise during daytime, some moisture in the air shows a hazy landscape in the evening, especially when the moon is bright.



hazy moon : oborozuki, tsuki oboro 朧月(all spring)
hazy evening : oboroyo 朧夜
hazy moonlight evening : oborozukiyo 朧月夜
looking hazy : oboro meku 朧めく
distant mulled sound of the temple bell : kane oboro 鐘朧, kane kasumu 鐘霞む
Here the feeling of haze includes the deep sound of a distant Japanese temple bell.

The hazy Spring moon, the cloudy moon in a veil of clouds is a well-loved expression in Japanese literature since ancient times.


http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~nr8c-ab/zzz.htm

おぼろ月松出ぬけても出ぬけても
oboro-zuki matsu denukete mo denukete mo

hazy moon--
the pine passing through
passing through

Issa
http://cat.xula.edu/issa/searchissa.php?colors=T&show_c=T&haiku_id=081.15a


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Summer

summer fog, summer mist :
natsu no kiri, natsugiri 夏霧
summer haze, summer mist : natsugasumi 夏霞


Thick fog often builds in the Sea of Ohotsk in Hokkaido.　To find their way ships use their horns and whistles.
fog at sea, sea fog : umigiri, jiri 海霧
ship's whistle in the fog, fog horn (foghorn),
Nebelhorn : muteki 霧笛

Look at a photo of the FOGHORN by Paul Conneally


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Autumn


http://www.uroncha.com/04wata/04wata11/0411-1.html


Fog : kiri 霧 (きり)
morning fog : asagiri 朝霧 （あさぎり）
evening fog : yuugiri　夕霧（ゆうぎり）
night fog : yogiri　夜霧 （よぎり）

usugiri 薄霧（うすぎり）light fog
noomu 濃霧（のうむ）thick fog
..... sagiri 狭霧（さぎり)

kiri no umi 霧の海（きりのうみ）fog on sea

kiri no tani 霧の谷（きりのたに）fog in the valley
kiri no tobari 霧の帳（きりのとばり）fog on the curtains
kiribusuma 霧襖（きりぶすま）fog on the sliding doors
kiri no magaki 霧の籬（きりのまがき）fog around the fence


kirisame 霧雨（きりさめ） "fog and rain"
kirishigure 霧時雨（きりしぐれ）"fog and sleet"

kirishizuku 霧雫（きりしずく） "fog and a drop"
a drop of dew in the fog



scent in the fog, smell :
kiri no ka, kiri niou 霧の香、霧匂う
The scent is often from fires burning fallen leaves or weeds.

.....


kiri ni noru metsuki shite iru karasu kana

looking to ride
the mist...
a crow
Tr. David Lanoue



雨を分て夕霧のぼる外山哉
ame o wakete yuugiri noboru toyama kana

pushing through rain
evening mist climbs
a low mountain
Tr. Chris Drake

This autumn hokku was written in 1792, probably when Issa was traveling around on the island of Shikoku. It is a highly tactile hokku, with the autumn evening mist rising upward against the momentum of the falling rain, and the physical contact between the flow of the mist and the flow countless raindrops in the opposite direction can be almost felt, as if the two were rubbing against each other (wakete, "push through," is often used when someone pushes through a group of people or a crowd). A feeling of exertion strangely mixes with a sense of lightness and effortless movement as the mist follows the slope of a nearby low mountain until it reaches either the mountaintop or the bottoms of the low-hanging rain clouds.

Chris Drake



. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .



autumn sunset -
on the misty mountain
a final sunray

Gabi Greve
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/happyhaiku/message/638


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- - - - - Yosa Buson, 1769 - - - - -

朝霧や画にかく夢の人通り
asagiri ya e ni kaku yume no hitodoori

morning mist;
a dream in paints
of people passing
Tr. Haldane


Morning mist--
A dream-like picture drawn
Of pedestrian traffic
Tr. Nelson/Saito


quote
You will recall that Buson was a painter, and he often strives for painterly effects in his hokku, which makes them a bit artificial. It is worth remembering that Buson — not Bashō — was the favorite of Masaoka Shiki, the fellow who nearly destroyed hokku by his revisionistic creation of the haiku near the beginning of the 20th century. It was the “painter” aspect of Buson that Shiki liked, which contributed to Shiki’s notion that his new “haiku” should be a kind of illustration or sketch from life.
But let’s look now at Buson’s verse:

Morning fog–
A painting of people passing
In a dream.

It is really too intentionally beautiful for hokku, and is somewhat like an impressionist painting.

Literally, what Buson wrote was:

Asagiri ya e ni kaku yume no hito dōri
Morning-fog ya picture in painted dream ‘s people pass

So if we moved things around a bit, we could translate it more literally as

Morning fog:
Painted in a picture –
Dream people passing.

Either way, however, it does what hokku should not do — it pulls our attention in two different directions by comparing one thing with another. Instead of just telling us that people are passing in the morning fog, he goes beyond and tells us that it is like a picture of people passing in a dream — of dream-people passing. Any time we have to use the word “like” to explain something in hokku, it is a warning sign. Hokku should let things just be themselves, not be “like” this or “like” that.
source : David Coomler


. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


..................................................................


Look at a great collection of Morning Fog photos from Japan.
http://iyashi.midb.jp/search/?id=2&mode=word


asagiri ya shashin o mireba genki no deru

morning mist -
just looking at the photos
makes me happy

Gabi Greve


..........................................................................


Yuugiri, Yugiri, Evening Fog
is a famous character in the Genji Monogatari.

Fragment of the Takeya Edition of the Yûgiri Chapter of The Tale of Genji
http://www.emuseum.jp/cgi/bunsyutu.cgi?SyoID=5&ID=w027&SubID=s029&Link=w027x001


http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/2008genji/1183089639569.html : 夕霧（ゆうぎり）


夕霧や馬の覚し橋の穴
yuugiri ya uma no oboeshi hashi no ana

evening fog -
the horse remembers
the holes in the bridge

Issa
Tr. Gabi Greve
Discussing the translation



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Winter

winter fog : fuyugiri 冬霧 , fuyu no kiri 冬霧（ふゆぎり）

winter mist : fuyugasumi 冬霞
... fuyu no kasumi 冬の霞（ふゆのかすみ）
... fuyu kasumu 冬霞む（ふゆかすむ）、

winter haze : fuyu no moya 冬の靄
cold haze : kanai 寒靄


itegasumi 凍霞（いてがすみ）freezing mist

sumogu スモッグ smog
... enmu 煙霧（えんむ）


**********************************
New Year


hatsugasumi 初霞 (はつがすみ) first mist (of the year)
... niigasumi 新霞（にいがすみ）


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More Haiku

草霞み水に声なき日ぐれかな
kusa kasumi mizu ni koe naki higure kana

grasses in mist
waters with silence;
evening
Tr. Michael Haldane


Grasses in a mist
and water flowing silently,
daylight fading!
Tr. anonymous


Grasses are misty,
The waters silent --
A tranquil evening.
Tr. anonymous



Misty grasses,
Quiet waters,
It's evening.
Tr. anonymous



The meadow is in mist
The water voiceless--
The sunset
Tr. anonymous

source : Terebess Asia Online (TAO)


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Haze at a distance-
flock of storcks are threading
one's way southwards

Vasile Moldovan

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Some placenames in Japan contain fog and mist, since this is the main feature of the local weather.

Kasumi-ga-Ura 霞ヶ浦
Kasumigaura is located in the southeastern section of Ibaraki Prefecture.
As a single lake, Kasumigaura is second only to Lake Biwa in size in Japan, and provides the basis for the region's residential and industrial development.



About 200,000 years ago in the middle of the Pleistocene Epoch, the area surrounding Kasumigaura was a part of the ocean referred to as Old Tokyo Bay that extended across the Kanto region. Over time the shallow sea floor that accumulated in Old Tokyo Bay changed into land, forming a plateau 20-40m above sea level that extends across present-day Kasumigaura.
English Reference


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. WKD : FOG in Kenya 　

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California, USA

tule fog



quote
Tule fog
is a thick ground fog that settles in the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Valley areas of California's Great Central Valley. Tule fog forms during the
late fall and winter (California's rainy season)
after the first significant rainfall. The official time frame for tule fog to form is from November 1 to March 31.
This phenomenon is named after the tule grass wetlands (tulares) of the Central Valley. Accidents caused by the tule fog are the leading cause of weather-related casualties in California.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


tule fog
a cotton field as far as
I can't see

- Shared by Jimmy ThePeach -
Joys of Japan, 2012


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. SAIJIKI - - HEAVEN in all seasons 　



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