Kyoto Hana no Miyako

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Kyoto 京都　"Hana no Miyako" 花の都

***** Location: Kyoto, Japan
***** Season: Late spring
***** Category: Plant / Humanity


洛中洛外 京は“花の都”か


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Explanation

"capital of blossoms", hana no miyako 花の都
Kyoto in cherry blossoms, Kyoto during the cherry blossom season
miyako no hana 都の花 the flower of the capital (cherry blossom)

. Cherry blossoms (sakura 桜)


見わたせば柳桜をこきまぜて
都ぞ春の錦なりける

miwataseba yanagi sakura o kokimazete
miyako zo haru no nishiki narikeru

gazing over the capital
green willow threads entwine
soft red cherry blossoms
as if the Heian capital
had spread a spring brocade

The Monk Sosei 素性法師 (around 910)
Kokin Wakashu Poetry Collection　古今和歌集



source :　yoshida sanso.com

Kaiseki meal in memoriam of the above waka poem.


. Poetry and Japanese Food .


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Kyoto 京都

Heian-kyō, Heiankyoo 平安京 Heiankyo
"capital of tranquility and peace "
became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. In Japanese, the city has been called
Kyo (京), Miyako (Miako) (都) or Kyo no Miyako (京の都).
Keishi (京師), meaning "metropolis".
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Welcome to the Heian Period ! 平安時代 .



蚊柱の穴から見ゆる都哉
ka-bashira no ana kara miyuru miyako kana

through a hole
in the mosquito swarm...
Kyoto
Tr. David Lanoue

The mosquitoes are swarming in a column (ka-bashira).
The "capital" (miyako) was Kyoto in Issa's day. This is where the emperor and his court lived. Political and military power was centered in the Shogun's city of Edo, today's Tokyo. Sakuo Nakamura pictures Issa, as he approached Kyoto, feeling heavy pressure to do well in this cultural and literary center. "Those pressures stood before him like a mosquito swarm."
Tr. David Lanoue

Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶

. WKD - Discussion of the translation .

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. Fushimi 伏見 .

visited by Matsuo Basho and Yosa Buson.


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Rakuchuu (洛中) Central Kyoto

洛中に桔梗の花が三日咲
Rakuchu ni kikyoo no hana ga mikka saki

in central Kyoto
bellflowers boom
three days long

Haifu Yanagidaru Senryu Collection 誹風柳多留



Temple Daikomyo-Ji 大光明寺


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Shimogyo-ku (下京区)
is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto.
First established in 1879 as an administrativev unit, it has been merged and split, and took on its present boundaries in 1955, with the establishment of a separate Minami-ku.
Kyoto Tower and Kyoto Station are major landmarks in Shimogyo-ku.
Shimogyo-ku has a population of 74,897 and an area of 6.82 km². Three rivers, Horikawa, Kamogawa and Takasegawa, are in the ward.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



下京や闇いうちから花の春
shimogyô ya kurai uchi kara hana no haru

Shimogyo Town--
in the dark before dawn
spring blossoms

. . . . .


下京の窓かぞへけり春の暮
shimogyô no mado kazoe keri haru no kure

counting the windows
of Shimogyo Town...
spring dusk

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue

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Nishiyama　西山　"Western Mountains"

西山や袷序の神だのみ
. nishiyama ya awase tsuide no kami tanomi .
Kobayashi Issa


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Bridges 橋　hashi



shijoo oohashi 四条大橋 big bridge at Shijo



gojoo oohashi 五条大橋 big bridge at Gojo

. Ushiwaka-maru and Benkei at Gojo Bridge .



春水や四条五条の橋の下
shunsui ya Shjoo Gojoo no hashi no shita

water of spring -
at Shijo and Gojo
under the bridges

. water in spring, haru no mizu 春の水 .




source :　www.nichibun.ac.jp/meisyozue

Bungobashi 豊後橋 Bungo-bashi Bridge
now Kangetsukyoo 観月橋 Kangetsu-kyo Bridge in Fushimi ward 伏見, spanning the Yodogawa river　淀川.

This bridge has already been there in the Kamakura period under the name Katsurabashi 桂橋
Ryoogunbashi 両郡橋 or Shigetsubashi 指月橋）.
Later it was rebuilt by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at a length of about 200 meters and called Bungobashi. During the Edo period, the pillars were replaced about 18 times.


asagiri ya enokoro hitotsu Bungobashi

Misty morning.
The sleeping Bungo-bridge
is crossed by a puppy.
Tr. ? - source Terebess


. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 .


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Oohara 大原 Ohara Kyoto

quote
Ohara is a rural town nestled in the mountains of northern Kyoto, about one hour from Kyoto Station, but still technically located within Kyoto's city limits. Ohara is best known for Sanzenin Temple and particularly popular in mid November during the autumn leaf season, which typically occurs about one week earlier than in central Kyoto.
Otonashi Waterfall
Jakkoin Temple
Jikkoin Temple
Hosenin Temple
Raigoin Temple
Shorinin Temple
source : www.japan-guide.com


by Kitao Shigemasa 北尾重政

Ohara is also famous for the "women from Ohara", ooharame 大原女, Oharame, who used to carry vegetabels and firewood to the market in Kyoto and make a good living.
. 大原女 Oharame and Shibazuke 柴漬け　pickles .


observance kigo for late winter
oohara zakone 大原雑魚寝 (おおはらざこね)
sleeping together at Ohara
.... zakone 雑魚寝（ざこね） "group sleep"
"like all kind of fish", all crowded together
on the night before setsubun, February 3 at shrine 江文神社 Ebumi Jinja

This is the night of the zakone in Ohara,when all the people of the village, young and old of both sexes, masters and servants, all are allowed to lie down together and sleep in the Ebumi shrine. It is a kind of vigil before setsubun, a religious custom, and for once no restrictions whatsoever are placed on what the sleepers may venture to do. Many couples found together on this night.
This is based on a legend of a large man-eating snake, which came down to the village when hungry, and the villagers all bundled together to be safe.
But it has been forbidden to do this since the Meiji period.

The custom of zakone is also alive in other temples and shrines in Japan, sometimes during O-Bon in autumn or on the last night of the year.


から人と雑魚寝もすらん女かな
karabito to zakone mo suran onna kana

lying down together
with people from China -
these women

Kobayashi Issa 一茶
Tr. Gabi Greve

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にしき木の立聞きもなき雑魚寝かな
nishiki ki no tachigiki mo naku zakone kana

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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雑魚寝布団夢の豺狼越え歩く
zakonebuton yume no sairoo koe-aruku

Takada Chooi 高田蝶衣
(1886−1930)

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tetsugaku no michi 哲学の径 / 哲学の道
The Philosopher's Path
Der Philosophenweg, Heidelberg, Germany is the original.

The Philosopher's Walk, Philosoper's Road
a pedestrian path that follows a cherry-tree-lined canal in Kyoto, between Ginkaku-ji and Nanzen-ji. The route is so-named because the influential 20th century Japanese philosopher and Kyoto University professor Nishida Kitaro is thought to have used it for daily meditation. It passes a number of temples and shrines such as Hōnen-in, Ōtoyo Shrine, and Eikan-dō Zenrin-ji. It takes about 30 minutes to complete the walk, although many people spend more time visiting the sights along the way. On the norther part of the walk, there are good views of the nearby Daimonji. The walk is a popular destination for tourists and locals, especially during hanami.
quote : More in the WIKIPEDIA !


はつ冬の哲学の径一詩人
hatsufuyu no tetsugaku no michi ichi shijin

beginning of winter
on Philosopher’s Road
one poet

Sakiko Fujishima 藤島咲子
source : Tr. Fay Aoyagi


quote
Der Philosophenweg
ist ein circa zwei Kilometer langer, vor allem zu Beginn sehr steiler Weg, der vom Heidelberger Stadtteil Neuenheim auf den Heiligenberg führt. Er liegt damit dem Heidelberger Schloss am Königstuhl direkt gegenüber und ist eine der Sehenswürdigkeiten Heidelbergs.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

東の東山山麓の細い道が、ドイツ・ハイデルベルクの
「哲学者の道」と地形がそっくりともいわれる.


Philosopher's Walk
a squirrel in the path
looking to and fro

Chen-ou Liu
Ajax, Ontario, Canada
source : haibuntoday.com

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Place names in Sakyo 京都市右京区
. Omuro 御室 .


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Modern Kyoto in Winter
Tokuriki Tomikichiro (1902-2000)


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Things found on the way




. Arashiyama 嵐山 "Storm Mountain" .


. Chishaku-In 智積院 Temple in Higashiyama .
京都府京都市東山区東瓦町964


. Higashiyama Culture 東山文化 　
Higashiyama, Kyoto


. Horikawa 堀川 River Horikawa .


. Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 Statues in Kyoto .


. Kameyama 亀山 "Turtle Mountain" - 亀岡　Kameoka　 .
Kameyama dono 亀山殿 Retreat Palace Kameyama and Tenryuuji 天竜寺 Tenryu-Ji.

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. WASHOKU - Kyoto Food and Kaiseki Ryori 懐石料理

. . . . . . Kyooyasai 京野菜 Kyo-yasai vegetables from Kyoto

. . . . . . mitarashi dango 御手洗団子 rice dumplings 　
from Shimogamo

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. Kyoto Folk Art - 京都　 民芸 - Introduction .

. . . . . . Kyoto tsuchi ningyoo 京都土人形　clay dolls 　

. . . . . . Kyoto no dorei 京都の土鈴 clay bells .

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. Shrines and Temples from Kyoto .
Welcome to visit shrines and temples of Japan !

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HAIKU

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

京までは まだ半空や 雪の雲
Kyoo made wa mada nakazora ya yuki no kumo

until Kyoto
it is just half-way -
clouds with snow

Matsuo Basho, 44 years old （笈の小文）
written at Narumi 鳴海

. . . . .


source : suisai-blog.com


京にても 京なつかしや 時鳥
Kyoo ni te mo Kyoo natsukashi ya hototogisu

even when in Kyoto
I long for Kyoto -
hototogisu
Tr. Gabi Greve

Matsuo Basho
stayed at Genjuu-An 幻住庵 Genju-An in Shiga in the year Genroku 3 (1690),
but had been to a visit in Kyoto.

This haiku has the cut marker YA at the end of line two and the name of the bird,
hototogisu, as the last line.


Even in Kyoto --
hearing the cuckoo's cry --
I long for Kyoto.
Tr. Robert Hass


Bird of time –
in Kyoto, pining
for Kyoto.
Tr. Lucien Stryk

. Little Cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalis,
hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 .

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塩にしてもいざ言伝ん都鳥
. shio ni shi te mo iza kotozuten Miyako-dori .

miyakodori 都鳥 hooded gull lit. "bird of the capital"
Larus ridibundus.
kigo for all winter

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天秤や京江戸かけて千代の春
. tenbin ya Kyō Edo kakete chiyo no haru .
balancing Kyoto and Edo on a giant scale


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Visiting Kyoto .


. Basho-An 芭蕉庵 in Kyoto
temple Konpuku-Ji 金福寺 / 金福寺 . .


Paintings about Basho from the Kyoto Museum Collection
京都国立博物館所蔵
source : www.bashouan.com


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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 - Cultural keywords .

のらくらや花の都も秋の風
norakura ya hana no miyako mo aki no kaze

loafing around -
even in the capital of blossoms
now autumn wind

Kobayashi Issa, 1816


Maybe Issa stayed in Edo ?
Issa stayed in Edo not in Kyoto. So I think 花の都 is not necessary to be Kyoto.
Nakamura Sakuo Haiga

. . . . .

行秋やすでに御釈迦は京の空
yuku aki ya sude ni o-shaka wa kyoo no sora

autumn ends--
already the Buddha
fills Kyoto's sky

or

autumn ends--
already the statue of Buddha Shakamuni
is under the sky of Kyoto
Tr. Gabi Greve


In a prescript to this haiku, Issa alludes to an image of Gautama Buddha being returned to its temple in Kyoto.
Seiryooji 清涼寺 Temple Seiryo-Ji, Shakado 釈迦堂 in Saga, Kyoto, is quite famous for the statue of Gautama Shakyamuni which is about 160 cm high and rather simple in a robe of Indian style of Gandhara Buddhas. It was made in China and had the intestines made of silk inside.



The statue had been shown at the temple Eko-In 回向院 (Ekooin) in Edo in 1810.

More about the temle Seiryoji and haiku
. Saga　嵯峨 Spring Festivals .

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京辺や冬篭さへいそがしき
miyakobe ya fuyugomori sae isogashiki

Kyoto people
stay busy outside
all winter long
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku was written in the 11th month (December) of 1816, when Issa had left his hometown for a while and traveled back to Edo to see poets there. The difference between his hometown and Edo must have been extreme in winter. In Edo people went outside and kept busy during the whole winter, unlike the home confinement people experienced during much of the winter in the snow country, in which Issa's hometown was located. In this hokku, however, Issa evokes not Edo, the location of the shogun's castle and actual center of power in Japan, but the ancient capital of Kyoto, nominally the capital though the "reigning" emperor or empress was merely a figurehead. Perhaps Issa focuses on Kyoto because even more important annual events were scheduled there than in busy Edo.

In addition to being the site of a diligent court that continuously carried out empty rituals, Kyoto had hundreds of Buddhist temples, many of them the head temple of their school, and perhaps even more Shinto shrines. Numerous important ceremonies, festivals, performances, and events took place there every single day throughout the winter, and Kyoto's thriving economy also continued to operate at a rapid pace. To speak of "winter confinement" in Kyoto is a contradiction in terms, and the phrase was used there and in the other larger cities of Issa's time mainly as an elegant euphemism for staying indoors a bit more in winter.

Chris Drake

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 .

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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 . 　

ほととぎす平安城を筋違（すじかい）に
hototogisu Heianjoo o sujikai ni

this cockoo -
it criss-crosses over
Heiankyo



御火焚や霜うつくしき京の町
ohitaki ya shimo utsukushiki kyoo no machi

bonfire ceremony -
the frost is so beautiful
in the town of Kyoto


. Bonfire ceremony (ohitaki 御火焚) 　　


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Many more haiku about Kyoto and Miyako are here
(waiting to be translated . . .)

上京 / 京(みやこ) / 京より / 京中 / 京人 / 京洛 / 京舞
and many more keywords
- source : HAIKUreikuDB - database

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plant kigo for early summer

miyakogusa 都草 (みやこぐさ) "capital plant"
It used to grow wild around the capital of Kyoto in the old days.
Now it is found everywhere in Japan. Its yellow flowers look like enchanted butterflies.

Lotus corniculatus
is a common flowering plant native to grassland temperate Eurasia and North Africa. The common name is Bird's-foot Trefoil (or similar, such as "birdsfoot trefoil"), though the common name is often also applied to other members of the genus. It is also known in cultivation in North America as Birdfoot Deervetch.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Related words

***** . miyako odori 都踊 Miyako Dance
kigo for late spring 　

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- - - - - Further festivals as kigo from the Kyoto region:

. Ama no Hashidate Matsuri 天の橋立祭 .
. Kitano natane goku 北野菜種御供 ritual for rapeseed blossoms .
. Kushi Matsuri 櫛祭り Kushi Comb Festival .
. mikage matsuri 御蔭祭 "honorable shadow festival" .
. Seimei Matsuri 晴明祭 Seimei Festival .

. WKD - Kyoto Festivals 京都の祭り .

. Kyoto Festivals in April

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***** Nara 奈良 the ancient capital

***** . Gosho Imperial Palace in Kyoto 京都御所 .

***** . Fudōdōchō　不動堂町　 FudoDo-Cho .

***** . Rashoomon 羅生門 Rashomon Gate .

***** . Shishinden 紫宸殿 Hall for State Ceremonies .


***** . Place names used in haiku 　

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Hana no Oedo 花の大江戸
***** Edo 江戸, The City That Became Tokyo

We also have the expression : the thriving city of Edo

hana no o-Edo, the flourishing town of Edo
花の大江戸


時鳥花のお江戸を一呑に
hototogisu hana no o-edo o hito nomi ni

oh cuckoo--
swallow blossom-filled Edo
in a gulp!


初夢の不二の山売る都哉
hatsu yume no fuji no yama uru miyako kana

year's first dream--
Mount Fuji is sold
in Kyoto

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue

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鐘一つ　売れぬ日はなし　江戸の春
kane hitotsu urenu hi wa nashi Edo no haru

spring in Old Edo -
not a day without a
temple bell sold

寶井其角 Takarai Kikaku (1661-1707)

. Temple Bells and Haiku


Read more details of this poem :
- - - discussion from Translating Haiku

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A kind of "Backup" of this page can be found here, dating from March 2016:
Gabi Greve on Kyoto
- source : writers in kyoto -

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Seeing off the bugs (mushiokuri)

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Seeing off the bugs (mushiokuri, mushi okuri)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late summer
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation



mushi okuri 虫送り (むしおくり) seing off the bugs
driving away the bad insects, driving off insects
torch procession to drive away crop-eating insects
torchlight procession staged to ward off noxious insects

tamushi okuri 田虫送（たむしおくり）seeing off the bugs from the fields
inamushi okuri 稲虫送（いなむしおくり）seeing off the bugs from the rice plants
mushi oi 虫追い（むしおい）warding off the insects

mushi oi matsuri 虫追い祭り festival to ward off the insects
mushi kuyoo 虫供養（むしくよう）memorial service for the bugs
(which have been killed to protect the harvest)

Sanemori matsuri 実盛祭（さねもりまつり）
Sanemori festival


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This custom dates back to the times with no chemicals for the field pests. It was all up to the deities to protect the growing plants.
Locusts, beetles, leafhoppers (unka, Sanemori mushi, see below) and others were threatening the plants. So to get rid of them was important in the time from late summer till early autumn.
One of the means of farmers was "okuri", to send something off. This "sending off" was also done when an infectious disease hit a village and the spirit of the disease had to be "send off".
Usually, the trip went to the borders of a village, downstream or down the valley.

(What did the next village downstream do, you might ask ? )

Anyway,
after the insects have been dispelled, it was time to have a memorial service (kuyoo) for them to appease the souls of the dead animals.

This special custom connected to Sanemori dates back to a historical person and a real battle, though.




The hero is Saito Betto Sanemori
(斎藤別当実盛 Saitoo Bettoo Sanemori), a general of the Heike army.
He was killed, because his horse stumbled over a stubble of rice in a field, tumbled and throw him off, where the enemy could stab him lying defenseless on the ground.
He was very angry about his "shameful death" and swore to become a vengeful insect, distroying the harvest for ever.


source : unka okuri うんか送り at Yata
http://www.city.tokoname.aichi.jp/ctg/15100092/15100092.html
for unka, see below


There are many regional variations, taking part at different dates,
but
even up to now, farmers make a straw doll of Sanemori, carry it around the fields with drums and flutes and then to the village border. The straw doll of Sanemori is usually burned in a huge bonfire at the village border.
Many kindergardens and schools in rural areas participate in these walks around the fields and take care of the fires along the paddies.
Sometimes large straw figures of insects or even dragons are carried around in the processions and later burned.


hyakuhachi tahi 百八炬火 108 fires to ward off insects
Sometimes the date is the 14th of august, during the O-Bon ancestor festival.


. Shrine Tada Jinja 多太神社
This shrine it is famous for the helmet of Saito Sanemori 斉藤実盛, who found repose here in 1183. Matsuo Basho wrote a famous haiku about this.




. hyakuhachi kyoomyoo 百八松明 108 Pine Torches
This festival is held as a seeing off for the souls and also to pray for the protection of the rice fields from insects, a form of seeing off the beetles, mushi okuri, during the O-Bon celebrations.


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kigo for all autumn



unka うんか【浮塵子】 leafhopper, leaf hopper
"rice beetle", plant hopper
from various families, like Delphacidae, Fulgoroidea
Sanemorimushi, Sanemori mushi 実盛虫 "Sanemori beetle"
nukabae 糠蠅（ぬかばえ）"rice bran fly"
awamushi 泡虫（あわむし）"bubble beetle"

These little insects come in great numbers and look like "mist and clouds" (unka うんか【雲霞】), hence the name. They can bring great damage to the rice plants. They even take the name of our hero, Sanemori.

Reiskäfer; Stirnhöckerzirpe; Kleinzirpe


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Worldwide use



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Things found on the way



mushiokuri ningyoo 虫送り人形 figure "to ward off insects"
Goshokawara 五所川原市

for the festival of
. sanaburi “早苗ぶり”end of rice planting .

The body of the "mushi" figure is from straw, the head from wood.
The young men of the village parade this around the streets and then hang it on the tallest tree. It Is supposed to protect the fields and bring a good harvest.

. Folk Toys from Aomori .


figures for mushiokuri in other parts of Japan
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



. Musashino 武蔵野 Tokyo - mushi okuri figure .

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HAIKU




虫供養火の番といふ裏方も
mushi kuyoo hi no ban to iu urakata mo

memorial service for the bugs -
there are also people who tend
to the bonfires

Matsunaga Keiko 松永桂子
http://www.bunka.pref.mie.lg.jp/haiku/matsuri/index.htm


urakata, people behind the scenes



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Related words

***** mushi okuri in autumn, during the O-Bon festival


***** Fly-swatter (haetataki)


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kigo for mid-summer

taichuu no majinai 退虫の呪 (たいちゅうのまじない)
spell against insects

This is an old Chinese custom, introduced to Japan in the Edo period.
On the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, people collected sheperd's purse and bound it together with some hot pepper. This was hanged upside down into a home lantern (andon) in the hope, to drive away any unwanted insects. A spell to drive away insects was also written on strong paper and hung in the toilet, under the eaves and at the beams of the kitchen, sometimes upside down.
This day was the one when the god of the mountains came back down to the fields for the rice-growing season and was celebrated in many regions.


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observance kigo for early winter

Toganoo mushi kuyoo 栂尾虫供養 (とがのおむしくよ)
memorial service for the bugs at Toganoo

On the 12th and 13th of the tenth lunar month (now November)

The farmers from the region would offer prayers to Amida (nenbutsu 念仏講) for the souls of the bugs they had to kill during the rice-growing season.
The ritual was held at temple Koozanji 高山寺 Kozan-Ji, but is not done any more.



. Temple Koozanji 高山寺 Kozan-Ji .


For children, there are also some "mushi" connected with illness like the
san-shi no mushi 三尸の虫

kan no mushi 疳の虫 / 癇 insect of nervousness, short-temperedness
nakimushi 泣き虫 insect of crying too much
hara no mushi 腹の虫 insect causing diarrhea

. Mushikiri 虫切り, mushifuuji for children .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Moon in Autumn - tsukimi

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Moon in autumn (aki no tsuki)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Autumn
***** Category: Heaven

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Explanation

The moon is the most important kigo for autumn, just as the cherry blossoms are inseparable from spring.

In the times without electric light the full moon was an important source of illumination, giving the farmers an edge on working longer hours in the fields for the harvest.

The custom of viewing the full moon (tsukimi) in mid-autumn was introduced to Japan from China during Nara and Heian period (710-1185). There are many humanity kigo dealing with this.
. tsukimi 月見 つきみ moon viewing
..... kangetsu 観月（かんげつ）



Let us look at the moon kigo of the category HEAVEN.



aki no tsuki 秋の月 moon in autumn

The phases of the moon are often compared to a bowstring, maybe reflecting the samurai spirit of the earlier ages.

tsuki 月 (つき) moon, der Mond
This refers to the FULL MOON on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, counting a lunar month from day one to day 30.

There are also special kigo for almost every night from the first to the thirtiest of the eighth lunar month. Some overlap and are placed for all the three months of autumn as well as only for the special night of the eighth lunar month, now in september.


The Basics
... the MOON in all SEASONS


月天心貧しき町を通りけり
. tsuki tenshin mazushiki machi o toorikeri .
Yosa Buson　与謝蕪村　 and his moon haiku !

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kigo for early autumm


bon no tsuki 盆の月 (ぼんのつき)
full moon at the O-Bon festival
On the 15th day of the seventh lunar month.
It is still hot and people use a handfan that looks like a full moon to enjoy a small breeze.


In the Edo period, they put cut-out lanterns (kiriko tooroo 切子燈篭 ) on the shelf for the ancestors and the eaves of the home and enjoyed them in the moonlight as an offering to the ancestors.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


. O-Bon, the Ancestor Festival and KIGO 　



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kigo for mid-autumm

This is the eighth month of the lunar calendar,
with the full autumn moon, now in September.


hatsuzuki 初月 はつづき "first moon"
hatsuzukiyo 初月夜（はつづきよ）night with the first moon
Waiting for the full moon, people started to enjoy from early in the eighth lunar month. This kigo refers to day 4, 5 and 6.


futsukazuki 二日月 (ふつかづき) moon on the second day
second-day crescent moon
..... sengetsu 繊月（せんげつ）"thin fiber moon"
..... futsuka no tsuki 二日の月（ふつかのつき）
The moon appears in the sky for a short time after sunset.


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mikazuki 三日月 (みかづき) moon on the third day
third-day crescent moon
mikka no tsuki 三日の月（みっかのつき）
tsuki no mayu 月の眉（つきのまゆ）moon like an eyebrow
..... mayugakizuki 眉書月（まゆがきづき）
..... mayuzuki 眉月（まゆづき）
mikkazukimayu 三日月眉（みかづきまゆ）
The moon shows up for a short time, looking in shape like an eyebrow.
This is also used as a common name for the moon of the first three days, sometimes even including the fourth day.

The brightly shining part of the moon is called MEI 明,
the dark part is HAKU 魄.

shohaku 初魄（しょはく）first "dark moon"
After the third day, this part becomes more and more visible each night.


shingetsu 新月（しんげつ） "new moon"
This is usually reserved for the 15th day full moon, but in some old poetry collections it is also used for the third-day moon.
jakugetsu 若月（じゃくげつ）"young moon"
tsuki no tsurugi 月の剣（つきのつるぎ）"moon like a sword"

gabi 蛾眉（がび） "eyebrow like a moth"
This is also an alternate name for a beautiful lady.


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matsuyoi 待宵 まつよい "waiting in the evening"
"evening spent waiting"
komochizuki 小望月（こもちづき）"little full moon"
The 14th day of the eighth lunar month.
The day before the full autumn moon.
Since you do not know if tomorrow might be clouded, you might as well celebrate this night, if the moon was bright and visible.
Poems with this kigo refer to a certain longing, especially in love poems.


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source :　mingeijapan - Furoshiki


meigetsu 名月 ( めいげつ) "famous moon" harvest moon
The full moon of the eighth lunar month, now in September.

juugoya 十五夜（じゅうごや）night of the fifteenth
The deity revered on this night is Dainichi Nyorai 大日如来.

chuushuusetsu 仲秋節（ちゅうしゅうせつ）seasonal point in mid-autumn
This refers to the Chinese custom of celebrating the full moon.
People celebrated the changes of all things, now from a full moon to the waning moon.
There are many different customs in various regions of Japan to celebrate this day with special offerings and rituals.
For example sweet potatoes, edamame beans, moon-viewing dumplings and susuki reed grass.
In some areas, the day 13 is also celebrated in this way, but more often in the ninth lunar month.

imo meigetsu 芋名月（いもめいげつ） "Sweet Potato Full Moon"
Offerings of sweet potatoes were made in the evening.

kyoo no tsuki 今日の月（きょうのつき）moon of today
koyoi no tsuki 今宵の月（こよいのつき）moon of this night
..... tsukikoyoi, tsuki koyoi 、月今宵（つきこよい）

nadakaki tsuki 名高き月（なだかきつき）famous moon
..... sangoya 三五夜（さんごや）
..... sango no tsuki 三五の月（さんごのつき）
..... tanshoo no tsuki 端正の月（たんしょうのつき）





mangetsu 満月（まんげつ）full moon
meigetsu 明月（めいげつ）clear moon
with no clouds in the sky


Some old sources say :
meigetsu 名月 is only once a year, but
meigetsu 明月 is every month.


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mochizuki 望月（もちづき）full moon (in the east)
mochi no yo 望の夜（もちのよ）night with the moon (in the east)
MOCHI refers to the moon coming up in the opposite direction to where the sun went down, going up in the east.
"auspicious moon"
This is opposed to the phase of the moon between the sun and the earth, called SAKU 朔.
After the moonless days of SAKU, the moon becomes a "three day moon" (mikazuki).
Mochizuki is quite a common family name in Japan.



source : 松風

full moon night -
together with my grandchildren
I enjoy writing haiku
Tr. Gabi Greve


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ryooya 良夜 (りょうや) "good night"
night with a good view of the moon
..... ryooshoo 良宵（りょうしょう）
..... kashoo 佳宵（かしょう）
Sometimes also used for day 13 of the ninth lunar month.
On this day, the constellation "tataraboshi たたら星" (rooshuku / roshuku 婁宿) (chinese "Bond" constellation) of the 28 mansions was seen most clearly in the sky.


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mugetsu 無月 むげつ "no moon" moonless
kumoru meigetsu 曇る名月（くもるめいげつ）cloudy full moon
chuushuu mugetsu 仲秋無月（ちゅうしゅうむげつ）mid-autumn without moon
tsuki no kumo 月の雲（つきのくも）clouds before the moon
The night of the full moon, but it is clouded and the moon can not be seen.



ugetsu 雨月 (うげつ) moon in the rain
lit. "rain and moon"
ame meigestu 雨名月（あめめいげつ）rain and full moon
ameyo no tsuki 雨夜の月（あまよのつき）rainy night and moon
ame no tsuki 雨の月（あめのつき）moon in the rain
tsuki no ame 月の雨（つきのあめ）rain and the moon
The night of the full moon, but it is raining and the moon can not be seen.


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Now we come to the nights after the full moon !
I count them as "day x", refering to the counting of the days of the eighth lunar month. Rememer, this refers to the times without electricity.


izayoi 十六夜 (いざよい) moon on day 16
..... izayoo tsuki いざよう月（いざようつき）"hesitant moon"
..... nihachiya 二八夜（にはちや）
..... juurokuya 十六夜（じゅうろくや）night on the 16th day
..... kibou, kibo-u 既望（きぼう）
The moon shows up just a bit later than the full moon on the day before, as if it was hesitant (izayou, tamerau) to come back.

. - Matsuo Basho and his izayoi hokku - .



tachimachizuki 立待月 (たちまちづき) moon on day 17
"standing waiting for the moon"
..... juushichiya 十七夜（じゅうしちや）night of the 17th day
..... tachimachi 立待（たちまち）standing waiting
People would stand at the door and wait for the moon to show.
From day 17 to day 22 the deity Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩 is revered.


imachizuki 居待月 (いまちづき) moon on day 18
..... imachizuki 座待月（いまちづき）"sitting waiting for the moon"
..... imachi 居待（いまち）
juuhachiyazuki 十八夜月（じゅうはちやづき）
The moon shows about one hour later than the full moon on the 15 and has a larger dark part. People would sit at home in their guestroom together with friends and wait for the moon, enjoying a little party.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



fushimachizuki 臥待月 (ふしまちづき) moon on day 19
nemachizuki 寝待月（ねまちづき）waiting for the moon laying down
fushimachi 臥待（ふしまち）
nemachi 寝待（ねまち）laying down waiting
Most people went to bed early and watched the moon through the open window of the home.


fukemachizuki 更待月 (ふけまちづき) moon on day 20
fukemachi 更待（ふけまち）staying up late waiting
inaka no tsuki 亥中の月（いなかのつき）
"moon at the hour of the wild boar"
hatsuka inaka 二十日亥中（はつかいなか）
hatsukazuki 二十日月（はつかづき）
The hour of the wild boar is about 10 at night in our days. This was considered "late at night" in the times before electricity made our nights change.



nijuusanya 二十三夜（にじゅうさんや）moon on day 23
mayonaka no tsuki 真夜中の月 (まよなかのつき) moon at midnight

There were many local groups (nijuusanya koo 二十三夜講) who had special rituals on this day, sometimes on every month, sometimes on the three nights in the first, fifth and ninth lunar month.
People would gather, pray to the deity Nijusanya painted on a scoll (niijusanya sama 二十三夜様, Seishi Bosatsu 勢至菩薩), and then eat and drink and hope for good luck, easy childbirth and good health.
Seishi Bosatsu is said to posess the "rays of wisdom and sagacity" (eichi no hikari 叡智の光), which would deliver all beings from misfortune and bad luck and the moon is believed to be an incarnation of this deity.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

Reference : Seishi Bosatsu (Mahasthamaprapta)

niijusanya sama 二十三夜様 in Akita, 田子町 Takko machi 矢田郎 Yataro
. Sake 酒 rice wine for rituals and festivals .



nijuurokuya machi 二十六夜待
waiting for the moon on day 26
According to the lunar calendar it was done in the seventh month.

Waiting for the moon was popular with the mountain ascets of the Edo period to pray for safety and prosperity.


山の端の薄紅二十六夜待
yama no ha no usu momiji nijuurokuya machi

the light pink
at the edge of the mountain - waiting
on the twenty sixth night

Hirose Naoto 広瀬直人


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nijuushichiya 二十七夜 moon on day 27


"Heading off to a certain place, I passed the night on a boat. At daybreak, I stuck my head out from under the thatched roof of the cabin, deeply moved by the late waning moon."

明けゆくや二十七夜も三日の月
ake yuku ya nijuushichiya mo mika no tsuki

dawn comes —
even on the night of the 27th,
a crescent moon
Tr. Barnhill

Written in 1686 貞亨３年秋.
There are no records of Basho travelling far in this year. It is not quite clear where he was when he wrote this.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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. yoiyami 宵闇 dark at night 　
This kigo does not simply refer to a dark night at any time, but to the nights after day 23, when the moon came up very late and the dark period of the night became much longer.


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. . ariakezuki 有明月（ありあけづき）dawn moon in autumn
ariakezuki 有明月 ありあけづき
ariake 有明（ありあけ）
asazuki 朝月（あさづき）"morning moon"
asatukiyo 朝月夜（あさづきよ）"dawn moon"
ake no tsuki 明の月（あけのつき）"dawn moon"
nokoru tsuki 残る月（のこるつき）"moon left behind"
Some saijiki refer to this kigo for all the three months of autumn.



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kigo for late autumm


nochi no tsuki 後の月 (のちのつき) "next full moon"
One month after the meigetsu, now october, celebrated on day 13 though.
futayo no tsuki 二夜の月（ふたよのつき）moon on both nights
this refers to day 13 and day 15 of the ninth lunar month.
juusanya 十三夜（じゅうさんや）moon on day 13
nagori no tsuki 名残の月（なごりのつき）"left-over moon", remembering the full moon
. Juusanya in Numazu .


mame meigetsu 豆名月（まめめいげつ）"moon with beans"
kuri meigetsu 栗名月（くりめいげつ）"moon with sweet chestnuts"
This refers to the special offerings made on this night.
. . . CLICK here for mame Photos !
. . . CLICK here for kuri Photos !


. onna meigetsu 女名月（おんなめいげつ） full moon for women 　
ubazuki 姥月（うばづき）full moon for old women

The Japanese liked to celebrate the autumn moon again in what is now october, choosing the two nights before the full moon for their major celebrations, just as to express their appreciation for the incomplete and for the changes in nature.
My "older sister" neighbours come together on this night, eat the beans and chestnuts and tell of the hardships of their marriage, not all like a full moon, but at least enough to be happy with their lot in life.

On this day, the deity Kokuzo Bosatsu (Kokuuzoo Bosatsu 虚空蔵菩薩) is revered.



Juusanya - The Thirteenth Night
a story by Higuchi Ichiyo (1872 - 1896)


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kigo for all autumm

tsuki 月 (つき) moon, der Mond
This refers to the FULL MOON on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, counting a lunar month from the first to the thirtiest day.


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joogen 上弦（じょうげん） "upcoming bowstring"
waxing crescent moon
..... kami no yumihari 上の弓張（かみのゆみはり）
..... joogen no tsuki 上弦の月（じょうげんのつき）
..... noborizuki 上り月 のぼりづき
moon in its first quarter
Usually on the 7th and 8th day.


kagen 下弦（かげん）"downgoing bowstring"
waning moon
..... げげん
..... kagen no tsuki 下弦の月（かげんのつき）
..... kudarizuki 降り月 くだりづき
..... kudarizuki 下り月（くだりづき）
..... shimo no yumihari 下の弓張（しものゆみはり）
Usually on the 22th and 23 day.

Together they comprize the months where the moon looks like this

yumiharizuki 弓張月（ゆみはりづき） "bow-stretched moon"
..... katawarezuki 片割月（かたわれづき）"moon like a drawn bow"
yumihari 弦（ゆみはり）"full drawn bow"



弦月（げんげつ）half moon, half-moon, halfmoon
lit. "bowstring moon"
..... hangetsu 半月（はんげつ）Halbmond
tsuki no yumi 月の弓（つきのゆみ）moon like a (Japanese) bow
tsuki no fune 月の舟（つきのふね / 月の船）moon like a boat




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noborizuki 上り月（のぼりづき）waxing moon
(lit. "moon going up")
from the half moon-position toward the full moon.
kudarizuki 下り月（くだりづき）waning moon
(lit. moon going down")
From the full moon position on the 15th to the 30th.

mochikudari 望くだり（もちくだり）moon going down
(at the opposite direction than the sun)


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. ariakezuki 有明月（ありあけづき）dawn moon in autumn
..... ariake 有明（ありあけ）

asazukuyo 朝月夜（あさづくよ）moon at dawn
hiru no tsuki 昼の月（ひるのつき）moon at midday, daymoon


yuuzuki 夕月（ゆうづき）moon in the evening
..... yuuzukiyo 夕月夜（ゆうづきよ）
yoizuki 宵月（よいづき）evening moon
..... yoizukiyo 宵月夜（よいづきよ）
From day 2 until day 7 or 8, when the moon looks like a drawn bow in the late autumn evening. It was a well loved theme for poetry since olden times.


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yokkazuki 四日月（よっかづき）moon on day 4
itsukazuki 五日月（いつかづき）moon on day 5
yookazuki 八日月（ようかづき）moon on day 8
tookazuki 十日月（とおかづき）moon on day 10
hatsukazuki 二十日月（はつかづき）moon on day 20


tsuki no de 月の出（つきので）moonrise, Mondaufgang
tsuki no iri 月の入（つきのいり）moonset, Monduntergang
..... irusa no tsuki 入るさの月（いるさのつき）

tsuki noboru 月上る（つきのぼる）moon going up
tsuki wataru 月渡る（つきわたる）moon passing over
tsuku katamuku 月傾く（つきかたむく）moon bending down
tsuki otsu 月落つ（つきおつ）moon going down
tsuki fukuru 月更くる（つきふくる）moon coming late

osozuki 遅月（おそづき）late moon
tsuki no aki 月の秋（つきのあき）"autumn of the moon"

tsukiyo 月夜（つきよ）night with a moon
..... tsukiyomi 月よみ（つきよみ）

tsukiyogarasu 月夜烏（つきよがらす）crow crowing in a moon night
(Also used for a person who enjoys nightlife like a karasu.)

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tsuki no wa 月の輪（つきのわ）circle around the moon
tsuki no kasa 月の暈（つきのかさ）halo around the moon


gengetsu 幻月（げんげつ）"moon illusion"
When the moon is close to the horizon, almost white, and looks like having one more moon on each side. This happens when ice crystals in the air break the moonlight.
This is related to a halo around the moon.


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tsukishiro 月白（つきしろ）"moon white"
..... tsukishiro 月代 (つきしろ)
When the early moon is coming over the eastern horizon and all is still covered in a kind of white vale.


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kooga 姮娥（こうが）"moon fairy Koga"
..... jooga 嫦娥（じょうが）
According to Chinese legends, the beautiful Jooga (Kooga) (Joga/Koga) shows up in a full moon night. This legend refers to a princess (or sage mountain woman) who run away from an unwanted lover and hid in the moon.
Or she stole the medicine of eternal life from the Heavenly Mother in the West and took flight to the moon.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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More names for the full moon, reflecting human allusions and resemblances and comparing the moon with other things.

tsuki no kaeru 月の蟾（つきのかえる）toad in the moon
tsuki no nezumi 月の鼠（つきのねずみ）mouse in the moon
tsuki no katsura 月の桂（つきのかつら）katsura tree in the moon

tsuki no miyako 月の都（つきのみやこ) capital in the moon
(referring to Kyoto)
getsukyuuden 月宮殿（げつきゅうでん）palace in the moon

tsuki no kagami 月の鏡（つきのかがみ）mirror of the moon
tsuki no ken 月の剣（つきのけん）sword of the moon
tsuki no koori 月の氷（つきのこおり）ice of the moon


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tsuki no usagi 月の兎（つきのうさぎ）rabbit in the moon
gyokuto 玉兎（ぎょくと）"treasure rabbit"
Click on the image to learn why the hare is pounding rice in the moon !




Tamausagi from Niigata 玉兎の新潟
A sweet bunny ball, like a bunny bowing to the moon. Tama-Usagi.

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. hoshizukiyo 星月夜 (ほしづきよ)
starlit night, night with stars as bright as the moon


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Worldwide use



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Things found on the way


tsukimi 月見 moon vieweing



. WASHOKU
tsukimi dango 月見団子　dumplings for moon viewing 　



. tsuki no za, 月の座 entertaining visitors for moon viewing 　



WKD : Temple Ginkakuji 銀閣寺
a place for moon viewing
Silver Pavilion in Kyoto



The 30 deities for every day of a lunar month
There are various lists with different deities.
. juusan banjin 三十番神 deities for every day of a month
For the day of the full moon, 15, we have
Kasuga Daimyojin, Shaka Nyorai or Amida Nyorai.


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Kalanchoe tomentosa
Panda Plant, native of Madagascar

ダルマ月兎耳
Plant like the rabbit in the moon with Daruma




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HAIKU

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


月代や膝に手を置く宵の宿
tsuki shiro ya hiza ni te o oku yoi no yado

white autumn moon -
my hands rest on my knees
at the inn tonight

. . . . .

三日月の地は おぼろ也 蕎麦の花
mikazuki no chi wa oboro nari soba no hana

under the moon of the third day
the earth looks hazy -
buckwheat flowers


Basho travelled a lot to be in a famous place for the full moon night.
Here is his report from Tsuruga, where he did not see the moon after all:


月いづく鐘は沈める海の底
tsuki izuku kane wa shizumeru umi no soko

where is the full moon?
the war bell has sunk
to the bottom of the sea


Read the fascinating story I found researching about the bell at the bottom of the sea
. Basho in Kanegasaki, Tsuruga

. . . . .


蒼海の浪酒臭し今日の月
sookai no nami sake kusashi kyoo no tsuki

out of the blue sea
from waves with the fragrance of sake -
the moon tonight
Tr. Gabi Greve


blue seas
breaking waves smell of rice wine
tonight's moon
Tr. Reichhold


on the blue ocean
waves smell of rice wine -
tonight's moon
Tr. Ueda


Written in 1679 延宝7年8月
on the night of the full moon in the 8th lunar month
Basho age 36.

The moon is coming out of the sea, which looks almost like a sake cup (sakazuki 酒盃).



三井寺の門敲かばや今日の月
Mii dera no mon tatakaba ya kyoo no tsuki

I want to knock
on the gate of Mii Temple ...
the moon of tonight



. . . . .


名月や池をめぐりて夜もすがら
meigetsu ya ike o megurite yo mo sugara

harvest moon -
I walk around the pond
all night long

Matsuo Basho, Koshoo 孤松
at Basho-An, where he also wrote the famous "old pond" haiku.
source :　www2.yamanashi-ken.ac.jp

. yo mo sugara - all night long .
yomosugara is a difficult to read rendering, just like mizunooto would be instead of mizu no oto.

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名月や門に指し来る潮頭
meigetsu ya mon ni sashi kuru shiogashira

the harvest moon -
crawling up to my gate
the rising tide
Tr. Ueda

The Basho Hut was located near the estuary of the Sumida River.
source : books.google.co.jp



full autumn moon
to my gate comes rising
crested tide
Tr. Reichhold

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. at Gichuuji 義仲寺 Temple Gichu-Ji - . Shiga, Otsu town. .


月見する座にうつくしき顔もなし
tsukimi suru za ni utsukushiki kao mo nashi

in this group of people
admiring the full moon
not one beautiful face
Tr. Makoto Ueda

There is another version quoted on the internet, but the last line got it wrong
all my friends
looking at the moon
what an ugly bunch


This is a hokku from the year 1701, 元禄3年8月15日

Basho's first draft of the poem was

名月や海に向かへば七小町
meigetsu ya umi ni mukaeba nana Komachi

full autumn moon -
facing the sea we have
seven Komachi beauties

. Ono no Komachi 小野 小町 .
a famous beauty of the Heian period.
and
The seven Komachi episodes about her (nana Komachi 七小町 ).



Then Basho realized that this was too sophisticated for his friends and changed his poem.

Here are the poems from that night.

月見する座にうつくしき顔もなし　　芭蕉
庭の柿の葉みの虫になれ　　尚白
火桶ぬる窓の手際を身にしめて　　同
別當殿の古き扶持米　　蕉
尾頭のめでたかりつる鹽小鯛　　蕉
百家しめたる川の水上　　白

- Shared by Hideo Suzuki
Joys of Japan, March 2012



moon viewing
no party without
a pretty face
Tr. Jane Reichhold



a company viewing
the moon; not one
has a beautiful face
Tr. Michael Haldane



moon viewing
not one
beautiful face
Tr. Stephen Addiss, Fumiko Y. Yamamoto



Viewing the moon -
no face in this room is as beautiful.

source : elizabeth now.blogspot



parmi la foule qui admire la lune, pas un n'a visage de beauté.
haicourtoujours.wordpress.com/






Quotes from "Basho and his Interpreters"
source : Makoto Ueda

Even the most beautiful woman cannot rival the beauty of the moon.
Here the moon is compared to a lady.
Donto

An old temple has an atmosphere of sabi. There, people who are not beautiful are viewing the moon. This is a scene well suited to haikai.
Chikurei

The people at the party were all monks or poets, and they had serene looks on their faces suggestive of their peaceful life away from the earthy mire -
Mizuho

The hokku presents the beauty of the moon without describing it.
Rohan

It is far-fetched to assume that the hokku suggests the beauty of the moon by contrasting it with the ugly faces of the people who were there. I think the poem is based on the spontaneous impression of the poet, who looked around and found no pretty face at the party. Basho discovered poetic beauty everywhere.
Shuson

In addition to admiration for the beautiful moonlight, the poem’s language contains hidden touches of loneliness and humor.
Iwata


.............................................................................


misokazuki みそか月 no moon on day 30 of a lunar month


みそか月なし千とせの杉を抱あらし
. misokazuki nashi chitose no sugi o daku arashi .

Matsuo Basho at Ise Shrine


.............................................................................


meigetsu ya chigotachi narabu doo no en

full harvest moon -
the temple acolytes are lined up
at the veranda


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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Kobayashi Issa 一茶

三ケ月や梅からついと本尊へ
mikazuki ya ume kara tsui to honzon e

crescent moon -
it mooves from the plum blossoms
to the Buddha statue

Maybe Issa is sitting in a temple enjoying the first autumn moon on the third (lunar) day.

honzon is the main statue in a Buddhist temple.



夕月や萩の上行くおとし水


夕月や鍋の中にて啼田螺



夕月や流残りのきりぎりす

evening moon -
a grasshopper left
by the flood
Tr. Gabi Greve



古壁やどの穴からも秋の月
furu kabe ya dono ana kara mo aki no tsuki

old wall--
from whichever hole
autumn moon
Tr. David Lanoue



世直しの大十五夜の月見かな
yo naoshi no oojuugoya no tsukimi kana

the night of reforms
of moon viewing
on the fiftheenth
Tr. Gabi Greve


yonaoshi "to re-do the world", reform, world-healing, is also a concept of Pure Land Buddhism.
Maybe Basho is making resolutions for himself to improve his life, like we do on the Night of the New Year.


*****************************
Related words

***** . Suizenji-nori 水前寺海苔
akizuki nori 秋月苔 "autumn moon nori" 　
Aphanothece sacrum, seaweed
kigo for all summer



***** WKD ... MOON in all SEASONS


.SAIJIKI ... HEAVEN
Kigo for Autumn 　


***** . Roundness and Spirituality .


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