11/19/2006

Mother and Father

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Mother and Father - reflected in KIGO


The simple use of the words
FATHER, FATHERS, MOTHER, MOTHERS
are not kigo, but a topic for haiku.



MORE
. Mother (fukuro, o-fukuro お袋) .
with haiku by Issa


. The Original Face - Zen Koan .
before my parents were born

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Women's Day, International Woman's Day

***** Location: Russia, worldwide
***** Season: Spring, March 8
***** Category: Observance


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Explanation



Present from a friend, March 2011


For Mother's Day, Father's Day, see below.

International Women's Day is religiously celebrated in Russia on the 8th of March. Men buy flowers for their female loved ones on that day. The first available flowers are yellow mimosa, brought from the Caucasus. Thus you can see man standing in line to buy mimosa branches or walking on the streets with mimosa bouquets. What Russians call "mimosa" is in fact Acacia dealbata or Silver Wattle. It blooms with aromatic yellow puffs of flowers.

Mimosa, Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata)

CLICK for more photos

Every year, from the end of February to the beginning of March some 200 tons of mimosa branches are brought from Abkhazia to Russia.

Here is an article about the origin and meaning of the International Woman’s Day.

International Women's Day (8 March)
is an occasion marked by women's groups around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United Nations and is designated in many countries as a national holiday. When women on all continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and political differences, come together to celebrate their Day, they can look back to a tradition that represents at least nine decades of struggle for equality, justice, peace and development. International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French Revolution, Parisian women calling for "liberty, equality, fraternity" marched on Versailles to demand women's suffrage.

Read the full history of the development of this day here:
http://www.global7network.com/russia/russian-holidays/International-Women-Day.asp

However, in Russia these days, it is more like a hybrid of Valentine's Day and Mother's Day. It's the day when females of all ages receive special attention from the males.

Thus there are two kigo words for March in Russia:
"Women's Day" or "International Women's Day," and "mimosa".

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Even though the Internaitonal Women's Day was founded in 1910 by the socialists as a political day for women's right to vote, it's now celebrated widely in the world as a day of the beautiful half of the mankind :-). In Russia, it has always been one of the favorite holidays (especially after it had become a day off in 1965). It is now a holiday for which I have a right just because I am a woman :-).

And men, real men, understand this, and enjoy the fact that these beautiful creatures -- women -- live next to them, work with them side by side. It is as totally aimless, unpractical, and silly as to enjoy a nice spring morning, for instance, or beautiful music, or tasty meal, or just enjoy this life... it is as simple as to love the life itself.

Since the very early age, Russian boys are taught that girls are future women: mothers, wives, keepers... and they need to be loved, cared for, and supported by men. The March 8th day is the big part of such education. Traditionally, boys congratulate girls even in the first grade in school, and then, through the whole 11 school years :- ). Then, the "relay" are passed on to the young men, to all men... They storm the flower shops at this day, they wash and clean in the house, cook a holiday dinner, etc. -- and of course, give their women flowers and gifts!

I am still a woman here, and my family, men and women, enjoy this day with me now. Men give their women flowers -- and we all enjoy this wonderful spring celebration of life, love, and beauty. Today, I want to give this gift to all the wonderful women in the WHC -- we deserve
it just because we are women! :-)

women's day --
beautiful dreams and hopes
in full bloom

Olga Hooper (Origa)
http://www.livejournal.com/users/origa/

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Worldwide use

France
Jour des Femmes

Germany
Frauentag, Internationaler Frauentag

CLICK for more photos

Der erste internationale Frauentag fand am 19. März 1911 in Dänemark, Deutschland, Österreich, der Schweiz und den USA statt. Millionen von Frauen beteiligten sich. Die Wahl dieses Datums sollte den revolutionären Charakter des Frauentags unterstreichen, weil der 18. März der Gedenktag für die Gefallenen in Berlin während der Revolution 1848 war, und auch die Pariser Commune in den Monat März fiel.

Read a lot more here in German:
http://www.frauennews.de/themen/taggesch.htm



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India

at the traffic signal
a beggar woman earns more
Women's day


Angelee Deodhar
2013



mother’s day . . .
i untangle my daughter’s hair
with a broken comb


Sandip Sital Chauhan


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Kenya

she tries on
a new brown kanga-
Women's Day

Women's Day-
I present to her
a red rose

a mother battered
husband on television-
Women's Day


Andrew Otinga
March 2012



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Poland

Mother's Day in Poland on 26th May.




Irena Iris Szewczyk
May 26, 2013, fb


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


Women's Day -
men walking with bouquets
of yellow mimosa


Zhanna P. Rader

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a mimosa blossoms
through a fine day
female joy


- Shared by Gennady Nov
Joys of Japan, March 2012



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Related words

***** Mother's Day (second sunday in May), Muttertag :
kigo for early summer
haha no hi 母の日 (ははのひ)


Romania : March 8
Yemen : March 21
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !



Mothers' day exists in most westernised countries, dates vary, and those indicated apply to the US.

Mothers' day in Ireland (and the UK) is called Mothering Sunday and is a church-based festival which falls before Easter.
Saijiki for Europa: Mothering Sunday, Laetare

In Germany, Muttertag has a somewhat tainted legacy, since Hitler used to make use of the occasion to give awards to mothers of large families -- I knew at least one such who refused to accept the award, as she felt she had not produced her children to be Hitler's followers or to end up as cannon fodder in his war...

Isabelle Prondzynski

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The Story of Mother's Day

The earliest Mother's Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea, the Mother of the Gods. During the 1600's, England celebrated a day called "Mothering Sunday". Celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent (the 40 day period leading up to Easter*), "Mothering Sunday" honored the mothers of England.

During this time many of the England's poor worked as servants for the wealthy. As most jobs were located far from their homes, the servants would live at the houses of their employers. On Mothering Sunday the servants would have the day off and were encouraged to return home and spend the day with their mothers. A special cake, called the mothering cake, was often brought along to provide a festive touch.

As Christianity spread throughout Europe the celebration changed to honor the "Mother Church" - the spiritual power that gave them life and protected them from harm. Over time the church festival blended with the Mothering Sunday celebration . People began honoring their mothers as well as the church.

In the United States Mother's Day was first suggested in 1872 by Julia Ward Howe (who wrote the words to the Battle hymn of the Republic) as a day dedicated to peace. Ms. Howe would hold organized Mother's Day meetings in Boston, Mass ever year.

In 1907 Ana Jarvis, from Philadelphia, began a campaign to establish a national Mother's Day. Ms. Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia to celebrate Mother's Day on the second anniversary of her mother's death, the 2nd Sunday of May. By the next year Mother's Day was also celebrated in Philadelphia.

Ms. Jarvis and her supporters began to write to ministers, businessman, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mother's Day. It was successful as by 1911 Mother's Day was celebrated in almost every state. President Woodrow Wilson, in 1914, made the official announcement proclaiming Mother's Day as a national holiday that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May.

While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mother's Day at different times throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother's Day on the second Sunday of May.

.. .. ..

M - O - T - H - E - R
"M" is for the million things she gave me,
"O" means only that she's growing old,
"T" is for the tears she shed to save me,
"H" is for her heart of purest gold;
"E" is for her eyes, with love-light shining,
"R" means right, and right she'll always be,

Put them all together, they spell
"MOTHER,"
A word that means the world to me.

Howard Johnson (c. 1915)

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Mother's Day: Honoring Our Many Mothers
By Frederic and Mary Ann Brussat


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More, much more about this day:
http://www.holidays.net/mother/story.htm


Mother's Day
her dandelion bouquet
and yellow nose


Michael Baribeau

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Haiga by Natalia L. Rudychev, 2006



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mothers day ---
slow traffic
at the cemetery


Fred Masarani, 2006

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Australia
kigo for autumn


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Mother's Day
a stream of fond memories
in her bosom

Mother's Day
chocolate cake and ice cream
for my adviser

Mother's Day
this time, dropping by
to stay for dinner

Mother's Day
I glance on her pictures
last summer

Mother's Day
missing her pot roast
and coleslaw

Mother's Day
from a long distance call
her assuring words


Willie Bongcaron, Philippines, May 2010



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rain-laden clouds
envelope the sky -
Mother's tear


kenneth daniels (Guyana)


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chichi haha 父母 father and mother

父母のことのみおもふ秋のくれ
chichi haha no koto nomi omou aki no kure

- quote
Thinking only
About my mom and dad;
The autumn evening.


At first this seems a rather bland hokku, but a great deal depends upon the reader knowing how hokku work.

We know that a hokku is an expression of a season, in this case the season of autumn. Autumn is the time of aging and withering and eventually dying. That is the key to understanding this verse.

When Buson says that he is thinking only of his parents, he means it in the sense that they keep coming into his thoughts for some reason — that even when he tries to think of other things, the faces of his parents keep returning.

Why is that? It is because in the autumn, one realizes both what one is losing and what one has lost. Autumn is the time of growing yin, the time of things — of life — returning to the root. It is the time of withering plants and falling leaves and the diminishing of warmth and light and the increasing of cold. All of these things combine to bring Buson’s mother and father constantly to mind.
- Tr.and Comment - David Coomler


Buson lost his mother when he was 12 and his father when he was 17. He left for a journey without aim, with his parents always in his mind.

At age 61 he wrote the following:

むかしむかししきりにおもふ慈母の恩 
慈母の懐抱別に春あり

mukashi mukashi shikiri ni omou jibo no on
jibo no kaihoo betsu no haru ari

With a pang, I remember my mother's kindness, long long ago.
In her arms there was a special kind of spring.

Tr. Crowley



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***** Father's Day
Vatertag, Christi Himmelfahrt in Germany
second Sunday in June
http://www.kirchenweb.at/feiertage/


chichi no hi 父の日 (ちちのひ) Father's Day in Japan
kigo for mid-summer

third sunday in June



Australia
celebrated on the first sunday in September
kigo for spring

still no blossoms
on my family tree ---
Father's Day


- Shared by Bee Jay -
Joys of Japan, September 2012


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Father's Day: three Hawaiian shirts hang in the closet

One-liner by Chibi Dennis Holmes

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father's day celebration
the light on my path leading
homewards


kenneth daniels (GY)

Father's day is celebrated in the wet season of Guyana.
WKD : South American Saijiki


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Father's Day
only my mother
knows his name


Ella Wagemakers

- WKD facebook 2012 -



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A haiku sequence by Chen-ou Liu
published in Sketchbook, 6:4, July/August 2011


Like Father, Like Son?

Father’s words linger
can you put food on the table?
reading Poems to Eat

at the departure gate
Father doesn’t wave back
summer heat

first homecoming
Father sighs
your hair turns gray

reunion dinner
my niece giggles
at my Mandarin

reciting
my poem to Father
it's raining, he murmurs

Chen-ou Liu



. Ishikawa Takuboku - Poems to Eat .


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first Father's Day
still all thumbs with
changing diapers


Father's Day-
the letter I forgot to send
two years ago



Angelee Deodhar, 2013


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母親や涼がてらの祭り帯
hahaoya ya suzumi ga tera no matsuri obi

my dear mother -
coolness and the sash
for the temple festival


Kobayashi Issa





. WKD : Shimada Obi Matsuri 島田帯祭 .
Belt Festival at Shimada


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Matsuo Basho
Nozarashi kiko (Journal of Bleached Bones in a Field):

I returned home at the beginning of Ninth Month. The Forgetting Grass by my mother's room had withered with frost, and no trace of it remained. Everything from the past had changed. The temples of my brothers and sisters were white, wrinkles around their eyes.
"We're still alive!"--- it was all we could say. My older brother opened a relic case and said, "Pay your respects to Mothers' white hair. Like Urashima with his jewelled box, your eyebrows have aged." Then, for a time, we all wept.

手にとらば消ん涙ぞ熱き秋の霜
te ni toraba kien namida zo atsuki aki no shimo

should I take it in my hand
it would melt in these hot tears:
autumn frost

Tr. Barnhill


This is the third time Basho had returned home to Iga Ueno.
Basho feels like Urashima Taro, who spent 300 years in the palace of the Dragon God at the bottom of the sea.
. Urashima Taro 浦島太郎.

This hokku has the meter 5 10 5.

When held in hand
Melt away it will, this autumn frost -
My tears so hot.

Tr. Nelson and Saito


Should I take it in my hand,
It would melt in my hot tears,
Like the frost of autumn.

Tr. Oseko


Should I hold them in my hand,
They will disappear
In the warmth of my tears,
Icy strings of frost.

Tr. Yuasa



MORE
- hokku about tears
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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たらちね の花見の留守や時計見る
tarachine no hanami no rusu ya tokei miru

Home alone,
my mother off cherry-viewing ---
I watch the clock


Masaoka Shiki
Tr. Watson


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kaya goshi ni kusuri niru haha o kanashimi tsu

Feeling sorry about mum
Who is simmering medecine
Outside the mosquito net



野を焼いて帰れば燈下母やさし
no o yaite kaereba tooka haha yasashi

Returning after burning off a field
The light is on:
Mum is sweet at home



Takahama Kyoshi
Tr. Katsuya Hiromoto


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母の日の母を泣かしてしまひけり
haha no hi no haha o nakashite shimaikeri

Mother's Day ---
I end up making
my mother cry


Mayuzumi Madoka
Tr. Ueda


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observance kigo for early autumn

ikimitama, iki mitama 生身魂 (いきみたま) living soul
..... 生御魂 , 生見玉
ikibon 生き盆(いきぼん) Bon for the living

O-Bon in August is usually a festival for the ancestors.
But in some regions people also celebrate their elderly parents, if both are still alive, with special food and presents. A favorite present is


sashisaba, sashi saba 刺鯖 / 差鯖 a pair of saba mackerel fish
The fish is cut open at the back and then salted. Two pieces are then placed beside each other (to form one sashi 一刺) and let dry.
In the Edo period they were wrapped in lotus leaves and vendors in town sold them on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month and for O-Bon.

. hasu no meshi 蓮の飯 rice with lotus .
rice wrapped in lotus leaves for a long life


. Bon Festival, O-Bon, Obon お盆 .


生身魂七十と申し達者也
iki mitama nanajuu to mooshi tassha nari

Iki-Mitama (my honorable parents)
at the age of seventy
you are still so healthy !


Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規

During the Meiji period, 50 was considered old age. So 70 would feel like about 90 in our times.

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iki-mitama -
let's celebrate our parents
with poetry


Gabi Greve, September 2012

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oya kookoo, oyakookoo 親孝行 filial piety,
to care well for one's parents


フリージアたくさん咲いて親孝行
furiijia takusan saite oya kookoo

so many
freesias have bloomed -
filial piety


Katoo Michiru 加藤ミチル Kato Michiru



source : www.japanknowledge.com

oya kookoo 親孝行 selling "filial piety"

A beggar would prepare a doll to carry in front of him, making it look like a young person was carrying his old parent. He walked around town calling
"oya kookoo de gozai" "親孝行でござい" "I show you filial piety" and collect a few coins for his good deed.


. chin shoobai 珍商売 strange business in Edo .


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***** . World Mother-in-Law's Day .


.SAIJIKI ... OBSERVANCES, FESTIVALS
Kigo for Summer
 


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11/10/2006

Winter seclusion (fuyugomori)

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Winter seclusion (fuyogomori)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All Winter
***** Category: Humanity


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Explanation

fuyugomori 冬篭り winter confinement, winter isolation, wintering
fuyukomori, fuyu komori
hibernation; staying indoors during winter

http://www.ne.jp/asahi/raruru/cg-gallery/kita/data03a/yukifuru.html#kita

In rural Japan, especially in the Northern areas along the coast of the Sea of Japan, the winter is long and brings enormous amounts of snow. There was nothing much to do that sit back and wait it out. The farmhouses where difficult to heat and the family huddled around the hearth (irori) in the kitchen. It was a tough time to live through with great endurance.

Animals like bears sleep through the whole cold season, also called fuyugomori.

Gabi Greve

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Worldwide use

North America
Snowbound
Adjective, kept in by snow: prevented from moving or leaving a place by heavy snow.
Which can lead to feelings of depression called... cabin fever, winter blues, winter blahs, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) .
Michael Baribeau

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Things found on the way



sashikomoru さしこもる【鎖し籠もる】
To keep the doors and windows shut and stay indoors.
tojikomoru 閉じこもる 閉じ籠もる】
rookyo suru 籠居(ろうきょ)する

It could be done in any season, but in winter the home was kept closed to keep out the cold.

- fuyugomori 冬篭り winter confinement, winter isolation, wintering -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


さし籠る葎の友か冬菜売り
さしこもる葎の友かふゆなうり

sashikomoru mugura no tomo kabuna uri

Staying indoors, the only friend
At the house of the bedstraw is
The vendor of winter greens!

Tr. Oseko Toshiharu

Discussion of various translations
. . mugura 葎 (むぐら) cleavers     



staying indoors
the only friend of bedstraw
a vendor of greens

trans. Reichhold

Reichhold's comment:
1688--winter. Bedstraw, also called goosegrass ('Galium spium'), was used to stuff mattresses for the poor. In winter, Basho has two reliable friends to keep him well, and both were green plants.

* * * *

Is Reichhold suggesting that Basho's futon is stuffed with bedstraw?
And that Basho is using "bedstraw" as a figure of speech to mean himself?

Ah, if only Basho had used 'fuyugomori' (winter seclusion) instead of 'sashikomoru' (staying indoors), it would make the translation somewhat easier, in my opinion. "Staying indoors" begs the question of who is staying indoors. Barnhill cleverly works around this by saying it's the creepers that are "secluded away." I think we are to take it to mean that Basho is identifying himself with the creepers.

And I would use "peddler" rather than "vendor," since vendors can have stalls, and don't necessarily sell their wares going door-to-door.
. . Discussion by Larry Bole

. . .

From the haiku of Basho we can see him at age 45, buy some greens and prepare his meager meal all by himself. The peddler was the only person he had seen and talked to in quite a while. His home, overgrown with mugura cleaver weeds, had just this one friend who came by once in a while.
元禄元年 四十五歳(雪まろげ)yuki maroge

. . .


Basho used "sashikomoru" again in a three-link sequence he wrote with Kyoriku and Ranran in 1692:

kangiku no tonari mo ari ya ike daikon
(Kyoriku)

Right there! Near
the winter chrysanthemums--
a buried radish.



fuyu sashikomoru hokusoo no susu
(Basho)

Kept in during the winter--
soot on my northern window.



tsuki mo naki yoi kara uma o tsurete kite
(Ranran)

There's no moon--
last night, I came here
driving a horse.


trans. Pei Pei Qiu
Basho and the Dao, University of Hawai'i Press, 2005


- fuyugomori 冬篭り winter confinement
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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. to open the north window, kita-mado hiraku 北窓開く
kigo for mid-spring

Especially in Northern Japan, where winter is long and brings much snow, the northern windows are coverd with strong wooden planks during winter time.


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The people during the Edo period, especially the poor, did not use bed covers as we have them nowadays. They only had a stuffed matress shikubuton 敷き布団 or some kind of woven mats to lie down on. Sometimes the bare planks of wooden floor would have to do, maybe covered with some straw.
And they wore warm night clothes (yogi) to keep the cold out.
Poor people, especially in the colder northern regions, slept near the fire and used anything to keep them warm, even dried seaweed was put into quilts (documented from Akita in 1789, for example). Hemp and straw and hulls were also used for quilts.
Poor people even slept in straw bags, one couple in one bag.
A poor family used to sleep close toghether to use the body heat for warmth.

Since kana mugura カナムグラ(鉄葎) Humulus japonicus is of the hemp family, it might well have been used for stuffing a quilt of the poor.


. Bedtime quilt (yogi) as KIGO  


The shikibuton in the towns ranged from lavish ones to poor ones, called like a thin rice cracker
senbei futon 煎餅布団 "rice cracker matress" and had only little cotton stuffing.
In Edo, futon usually ment the matress, whereas in Osaka (Kamigata)they began to use kakebuton quilted blanket covers a lot earlier.


Nowadays, the stuffed mattress (shikibuton) and the blanket (kakebuton) are together called a "futon".



Reference : History of Futon


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HAIKU



( しばし隠れゐける人に申し遣はす )松尾芭蕉
source : a-yarn.tea-nifty.com

まづ祝へ梅を心の冬籠り
mazu iwae ume o kokoro no fuyu-gomori

Anyway celebrate I will
This winter hibernation
With apricot blossoms in my heart.

Tr. Takafumi Saito

Written in 貞亨4年, Basho age 44
Nozarashi.
Matsuo Basho for his disciple Tsuboi Tokoku 坪井杜国, Nagoya.
Tokoku had been put in exile for a crime he did not even commit. So if he would stay in hiding maybe next spring things will turn out better.


. - Tsuboi Tokoku 坪井杜国 - .

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屏風には山を画書いて冬籠り
. byoobu ni wa yama o egaite fuyu-gomori .
(winter) winter seclusion. folding screen. a painted mountain


冬籠りまた寄りそはんこの柱
fuyu-gomori / mata yorisowan / kono hashira


金屏の松の古さよ冬籠り
. kinbyoo no matsu no furusa yo fuyugomori .
(winter) winter seclusion. golden folding screen. old pine



折々に伊吹を見ては冬籠り
ori ori ni / Ibuki o mite wa / fuyu-gomori
Mount Ibukiyama


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .



冬枯れや 世は一色に 風の音
fuyugare ya yo wa isshoku ni kaze no oto

Winter solitude —
In a world of one color
the sound of wind.

Basho, Tr. Robert Hass

With comment y Robert Hass:
source : www.ashokkarra.com

The Japanese is not "winter solitude" but "withering in winter" of plants.
. fuyugare 冬枯れ Winter withering .

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Some Winter Seclusion Haiku by Issa

asana-asana yaki daiko kana fuyugomori

morning after morning
damn roasted radishes!
winter seclusion



fuyugomori tori ryoori ni mo nebutsu kana

winter seclusion--
cooking a chicken
praising Buddha


oya mo ko mirareshi yama ya fuyugomori

my father saw
this same damn mountain...
winter seclusion


haya-baya to taga fuyugomoru hoso keburi

early winter seclusion--
whose thin smoke
over there?


naka-naka ni ume mo hodashi ya fuyugomori

the plum tree too
is soon snowed in...
winter seclusion





haiga by - Nakamura Sakuo -

my sinful dog
at my side...
winter seclusion

Issa

There are 30 haiku by Issa on this subject.
http://cat.xula.edu/issa/ Tr. David Lanoue


** ** **


o-mukai no kane no naru nari fuyugomori
御迎ひの鐘の鳴也冬篭

the welcome bell
tolls at the temple...
winter seclusion
(First version)

the death bell
tolls at the temple...
winter seclusion
(Second version)

Shinji Ogawa notes that the phrase o-mukae no kane (Issa's variant: mukai no kane) means "welcome-bell" in the sense of welcoming the faithful to the next world, Amida Buddha's Pure Land. I first translated it, "the welcome bell," but Gabi Greve feels that this loses the sense of "someone waiting for his death." She suggests: "funeral bells/ starting to toll" or "coming to get me/ the bell is tolling." I have decided to go with "death bell," and to include the word "temple" (not in Issa's original text but certainly implied).
http://cat.xula.edu/issa/searchissa.php?haiku_id=698.01a




the plum tree too
is soon snowed in . . .
winter seclusion



Fritz Capelari (1884-1950)


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. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


nashi kaki wa karasu-makase yo fuyu-gomori

crows, you take
the pears and persimmons --
winter confinement time

Tr. Chris Drake

This humorous poem was written early in the 10th month (November) in 1813, when Issa was back in his hometown after getting his inheritance earlier in the year. Now the first snow has fallen, winter has come, and people in the village are saying goodbye to fall and its delicious fruit. The remaining fruit isn't very plentiful or delicious, but it's fresher than the dried or pickled fruit and vegetables the villagers will be eating from now on as they go indoors to survive the long, hard season of snow -- so go ahead, crows, take everything that's left. It's going to be a tough season for both humans and crows.

In waka and renga, "staying inside/going into seclusion in winter" was an elegant way of referring to plants in winter and occasionally to hibernation. In haikai, however, it also refers to humans, especially those who live in snowy or very cold areas. In the area in which Issa's hometown was located, it had a fairly specific meaning. People used bamboo, straw, and other materials to make roofed and walled entryways extending out from their doors to make sure they could get into and out of their houses during snowstorms. They also put bamboo or straw blinds over many windows in their houses, sheds, and barns that let in air but shut out most snow. Over bushes and plants they placed little straw tepees, and straw mats were wrapped around the trunks of trees.

People also put in place special large panels that extended out from the sides of the house that were open to the outside when sliding doors were opened: the panels extended out at an angle from the eaves and allowed snow on the roof to slide down to the ground several feet beyond the porches under the eaves, thus creating space and increasing ventilation for the people inside. Fresh air was always a consideration, since heat came from wood stoves and charcoal and created a lot of smoke and fumes, which exited through a hole in the roof. Human-produced methane was another important factor (see the translation for 1/18/2013). Sometimes it was also necessary to ventilate pent-up human frustrations during the long, boring indoor winter months lived in cramped spaces, as in this 1823 hokku:

hito soshiru kai ga tatsunari fuyu-gomori

another party held
to badmouth other people --
winter confinement


Since not much was going on, criticizing other people was a popular way of feeling good. "Winter confinement" or staying inside was often a rather dark, boring, and hemmed-in existence, so Issa seems to half-envy the crows in the first hokku.

Issa's own notion of staying inside during winter was a very flexible and dynamic one that took some of its inspiration from the crows. On 10/12, a few days after he wrote the first haiku above, he was in the town of Naganuma to take part in a requiem service for the soul of Basho at the Basho Hermitage there, and on 10/19 he went to a hot springs spa in Yudanaka for three weeks to write and discuss haikai with the owner and his son. Issa's diary also shows that he often traveled through winter snow to other villages and towns to visit his students. Hitting the snowy road and staying at the houses of many different haikai poets was an effective way of avoiding the winter confinement blues.

Chris Drake


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薪をわるいもうと一人冬籠
maki o waru imooto hitori fuyugomori

splitting wood
my sister alone -
wintering


Masaoka Shiki
http://www.cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp/~shiki/kim/shikiwinter.html


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winter seclusion
yet another trade bead
slides into place

an'ya
http://haigaonline.com/


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> > winter isolation --
> > only the death visits
> > remote villages

The actual situation in Afganistan where 1000 children died because of the coldness!!! February 2005

***

winter enclosure --
songs till the morning
in a refuge hut

***

winter separation --
snowmobile visits
the sick people


(that is in Gorski Kotar in Croatia)

Tomislav Maretic
http://www.worldhaiku.net/poetry/si/t.maretic/t.maretic.htm



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Related words

Things to keep you warm in winter, a KIGO list


***** snowbound, snowed in, cabin fever,
winter blues, winter blahs, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

kigo for winter


HAIKU

snowbound-
from the doorway
smelling the cold

Michael Baribeau


WKD : Medical Kigo

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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Wind chimes (fuurin)

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Wind Chimes (fuurin, Japan)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All Summer
***** Category: Humanity


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Explanation


fuurin 風鈴 (ふうりん) wind chime

fuurin uri 風鈴売(ふうりんうり) vendor of wind chimes

CLICK for more photos
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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CLICK for more photos
tsuri shinobu 釣忍 (つりしのぶ)
wind chimes hanging from a plant arrangement
..... 夏 釣荵(つりしのぶ)、吊荵(つりしのぶ)
noki shinobu 軒しのぶ(のきしのぶ)
wind chimes hanging from the eaves



. . . . . but

plant kigo for all autumn
some saijiki place "shinobu 忍" in "all summer"

shinobugusa 忍草 (しのぶぐさ)
weeping fern, hare's foot fern
grass of longing remembrance, fern of longing

...... itsumadegusa, itsumade kusa 何時迄草(いつまでぐさ)
..... nokishinobu 軒しのぶ(のきしのぶ)
Lepisorus thunbergianus. Pakahakaha in Hawaii



御廟年経て忍は何をしのぶ草
gobyoo toshi hete shinobu wa nani o shinobu-gusa

The imperial tomb has stood
for ages; what do you recall,
fern of longing?

Tr. Barnhill

Matsuo Basho in Yoshino, at the Temple Nyoirin-ji
Nozarashi Kiko

time passes by the mausoleum
and what is there to remember -
weeping fern

Tr. Gabi Greve

. Matsuo Basho in Yoshino .


source : itoyo/basho

The mausoleum for Godaigo Tenno 後醍醐帝御廟

Emperor Go-Daigo (後醍醐天皇 Go-Daigo-tennō)
(November 26, 1288 – September 19, 1339)
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. . . CLICK here for Photos !


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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plant kigo for all winter

kareshinobu, kare shinobu 枯忍 (かれしのぶ)
withered weeping fern

kan shinobu 寒忍 (かんしのぶ) weeping fern in the cold
fuyu shinobu 冬忍(ふゆしのぶ)weeping fern in winter
tachi shinobu 立忍(たちしのぶ) "standing weeping fern"
Onychium japonicum
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Please read Part 1 of the kigo story here:

. Wind Chimes ... Introduction .



http://www.sam.hi-ho.ne.jp/maruyosi/daruma.htm

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Worldwide use
windchimes
There is an ongoing discussion as to the wind chimes and their seasonal reference.

Soji from USA:

My own experience, in my part of the country, says that "windchime" could be a spring or summer kigo. In the spring we start opening the windows for the fresh, unconditioned breeze to freshen stale winter rooms.

And, though the windows may get opened when the heat of summer is upon us, when the heat and humidity simultaneously hit 90ー and 90%, respectively, the windows will go down, the air conditioning come on, and the melodious sounds of the windchimes are locked out, only marginally appreciated by some intrepid, but foolhardy, traveler, or the postal delivery person.

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo


Kala Ramesh from India:

'windchimes' should be considered a spring chime....
In India the breeze gets beautiful again .... in North India the Winter months can be freezing - then with spring the windows are opened ....
the nights all over India in spring gets cool and fresh - with the smell of mango blossoms and the fragrance of flowers like the jasmine and paarijat.

yes - windchimes - is a spring kigo as far as India is concerned.
India in summer can be unbearable - who wants that hot breeze - even if they chime our bells?!!

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo


Linda Papanicolaou from USA:

Spring is when there's a breeze to stir the windchime.
Summer weather is often hot and still, and my windchime rings seldom.

ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo


Bill Higginson, USA:

The rationale behind season words is tradition, not personal or local experience.
It makes sense to add certain items to a season word list according to local custom, such as holidays, unique cultural features, and particular weather phenomena or creature-behaviors unique to a specific region, provided they are included at times when poets have in fact noticed them and writen about them. But this is not always the case for phenomena of more or less universal experience.

Wind chimes (note: two words) have been around a lot longer than air conditioners, and will probably outlast the latter by several millennia.

In the haiku tradition, which is a fairly well-established tradition of some 5-700 years, wind chimes have long been associated with summer. And while I do not need to deny modern experience such as those confined to city or uncommonly hot climates being aware of outdoor surroundings mainly in spring and autumn, the fact is that wind chimes are associated not with the high winds of spring, but with the pleasant breezes of summer, bringing a bit of cooling relief.
Thus, their deeply summerish meaning is underscored. The very essence of wind chimes is the coolness we feel in that breeze.

A haiku on the subject of wind chimes must almost of necessity bring out a sense of coolness, whether a breeze is mentioned or not (and the word "cool" need not, indeed, should not be mentioned, but suggested).

There are phenomena that span more than one season, in which case, like frogs and moon, there are special times of the year when our consciousness of them peaks, so they represent those seasons (spring and autumn, respectively).

Or, like "butterfly", the simple word by itself is assigned to one season (spring), and there are other, amplified phrases that designate the same or similar phenomenon in other seasons, viz. "summer butterfly", "autumn butterfly", "freezing butterfly" (winter).

Thus, any phenomenon can be fit into any season, if the writer has the need to make it so. But not so with any season word!
(There are also words that designate more than one phenomenon, and are not well handled in some Japanese saijiki and dictionaries only confuse the matter, such as _kagerou_, which can mean "heat waves" or "shimmering heat" [spring] and "gossamer" or "floating strands of spider web" [autumn]. This is a very complex instance, and there are a few others similarly so.)

And the even larger question:

The overriding factor here is that, unless one is in a very distinctly different climatic zone than mid-temperate central Japan, on which the Japanese saijiki is nominally based, and the phenomenon in question is already recorded in a common Japanese saijiki, then *millions of poets* already relate to it that way.

Why would anyone in a country with a handful of haiku poets think they should go off in some other direction? (Exceptions: tropics, such as Taiwan, Hawaii, Central America; South Asia; etc., where distinctly different seasons from those in the temperate zone prevail.)

Ultimately, the majority of poets from a relatively consistent climatic zone worldwide should prevail. And there are more Japanese already there, in terms of the mid-temperate zone, with literally millions upon millions of haiku already in place based on a fairly consistent and useful understanding of the seasons (which many of them falsely maintain is "so unique to Japan"), why would anyone want to "push the river"?

Go with the flow of what is already in place, as far as saijiki placement is concerned, and you can't go seriously wrong.

As to writing our haiku, we do well to write from experience. But getting our backs up over season word conventions and placement in a saijiki is not a good exercise in creativity!




© Haiku and Haiga by Eric Houck Jr.


Bill Higginson about this Haiga:


The season word of this poem is "first warm day", which is a specific turn on the spring topic "warm", and the wind chime is not a seasonal element in the poem. If anything, this poem confirms the summer seasonality of "wind chime", by the very mention of that first warm day.
A good haiku, and not in the least controversial, as far as seasonal understanding is concerned.

Please note:
The inclusion of what would otherwise be a season word for season X in a poem clearly of season Y means that the seasonal quality of the x-word is trumped, as far as the y-poem is concerned. Or, as in this case, the seasonality of the y-poem is actually enhanced by the presence of the season-X word, which helps establish the "cuspishness" of the phenomenon as observed.


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Things found on the way


Daruma san and the wind chimes
. . . DARUMA and Wind Chimes


PHOTO ALBUM : Wind Chimes


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HAIKU


A poem from an old friend
the sound of wind chime,
where will the wind carry this song?

Kio
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/searchingfortheox/message/721

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my little wind chimes -
your sound is heared
all over the world


Gabi Greve,
with respect to the above discussion, March 2006

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Related words


. Wind Chimes ... Introduction .


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Winter solstice (tooji)

[ . BACK to Worldkigo TOP . ]
For Summer Solstice, see below.
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Winter solstice (tooji, Japan)

***** Location: Japan, worldwide
***** Season: Mid-Winter
***** Category: Season


*****************************
Explanation

Winter solstice, tooji 冬至

ichiyoo raifuku 一陽来復(いちようらいふく)"sun comes back"
The 21st of December.

sakutan tooji 朔旦冬至 (さくたんとうじ )
"morning of the first and solstice"
when the solstice falls on November 1 of the lunar calendar. Once in 19 years, this is an auspicious day and has been celebrated at court.


On this special day, we eat pumpkin soup and take a bath with yuzu fruit (see below). This a Japanese custom to keep your good health in the winter season.
This day is also called "The sun is coming back" (ichiyoo raifuku 一陽来復). Yin and Yang are changing. Bad things are coming to an end and new, better ones are to be expected.

Etsuko Yanagibori


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ichiyoo raifuku 一陽来福
a pun with "luck coming back"

This is also the name of restaurants and noodle soup.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. . . CLICK here for Photos
of "sun coming back" !


At the temple Hojo-ji (hoojooji 放生寺) in Tokyo, there is a large stone memorial with these words in the compounds.


A ricewine from Niigata with this name
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

At the shrine Ana Hachimangu in Tokyo people come at the day of the winter solstice to buy this amulet. It is good for business and to make money, when they put it into the auspicious driection of the new year (ehoo 恵方). They also hang it outside on the last day of the year and for the Setsubun rituals in February. The letters of the amulet have to face the auspicious direction.
Just as shadow receedes to new light, bad fortune will not receede and good luck is bound to come.

穴八幡宮

. Amulets and Talismans from Japan . 


. Auspicious direction of this year (ehoo 恵方) .

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by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1839-1892)
The sun goddess Amaterasu emerges from her cave.

. Amaterasu Oomikami (Omikami) 天照大神 .
The Sun Deity of Japan

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Some Astronomical Facts
As the Earth travels around the Sun in its orbit, the north-south position of the Sun changes over the course of the year due to the changing orientation of the Earth's tilted rotation axes with respect to the Sun. A QuickTime movie illustrates the tilt of the Earth's equatorial plane relative to the Sun which is responsible for the seasons. The dates of maximum tilt of the Earth's equator correspond to the summer solstice and winter solstice, and the dates of zero tilt to the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox.

In the northern hemisphere, the Winter solstice is day of the year (near December 22) when the Sun is farthest south. However, in the southern hemisphere, winter and summer solstices are exchanged so that the winter solstice is the day on which the Sun is farthest north. The winter solstice marks the first day of the season of winter. The declination of the Sun on the (northern) winter solstice is known as the tropic of capricorn (-23° 27').

The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year, respectively, in the sense that the length of time elapsed between sunrise and sunset on this day is a minimum for the year. Of course, daylight saving time means that the first Sunday in April has 23 hours and the last Sunday in October has 25 hours, but these human meddlings with the calendar and do not correspond to the actual number of daylight hours. In Chicago, there are 9:20 hours of daylight on the winter solstice of December 22, 1999.
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/WinterSolstice.html




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quote
Virtually all cultures have their own way of acknowledging this moment. The Welsh word for solstice translates as “the point of roughness,” while the Talmud calls it “Tekufat Tevet,” first day of “the stripping time.” For the Chinese, winter’s beginning is “dongzhi,” when one tradition is making balls of glutinous rice, which symbolize family gathering. In Korea, these balls are mingled with a sweet red bean called pat jook. According to local lore, each winter solstice a ghost comes to haunt villagers. The red bean in the rice balls repels him.

In parts of Scandinavia, the locals smear their front doors with butter so that Beiwe, sun goddess of fertility, can lap it up before she continues on her journey. (One wonders who does all the mopping up afterward.) Later, young women don candle-embedded helmets, while families go to bed having placed their shoes all in a row, to ensure peace over the coming year.

Street processions are another common feature. In Japan, young men known as “sun devils,” their faces daubed to represent their imagined solar ancestry, still go among the farms to ensure the earth’s fertility (and their own stocking-up with alcohol). In Ireland, people called wren-boys take to the roads, wearing masks or straw suits. The practice used to involve the killing of a wren, and singing songs while carrying the corpse from house to house.

Sacrifice is a common thread. In areas of northern Pakistan, men have cold water poured over their heads in purification, and are forbidden to sit on any chair till the evening, when their heads will be sprinkled with goats’ blood. (Unhappy goats.) Purification is also the main object for the Zuni and Hopi tribes of North America, their attempt to recall the sun from its long winter slumber. It also marks the beginning of another turning of their “wheel of the year,” and kivas (sacred underground ritual chambers) are opened to mark the season.
source : www.nytimes.com/2010
Richard Cohen, author of
“Chasing the Sun:
The Epic Story of the Star That Gives Us Life.”


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Worldwide use

Ireland

The Winter Solstice, or Yule,
is the shortest day and the longest night of the year. It is associated with the birth of the Sun King. It falls on the first day of winter, which is either 21 or 22 December, and is celebrated as the day that the Sun is reborn (later adapted by Christianity as the "son" is born) to warm the Earth again. Yule comes from the word Jule, which in Old Norse means, "wheel."

Celtic people celebrate Yule as the battle between the aging Holly King, who represents the darkness of the old year, and the young Oak King, who symbolizes the light of the new year. Sometimes the battle is re-enacted during the burning of the Yule log — which is done to encourage the Sun's easy birth, welcome it back to Earth.

This was a time of joy and hope — a holiday meant to uplift spirits weary from winter and a time to appreciate the wonders that will come with the spring.

Along with the evergreen, the holly and the ivy and the mistletoe were important plants of the season, all symbolizing fertility and everlasting life. According to the Bardic Tradition, the Winter Solstice was called 'Alban Arthan' by the Druids. It was then that the Chief Druid cut the sacred mistletoe from the Oak. The Celtic Druids would cut the mistletoe with a golden sickle on the sixth night of the moon. Later Christian churches would ban mistletoe from Christmas celebrations because of its fertility rite connotations.

In addition to fertility rituals, divinations were cast for the coming Spring both through ritual means and through good-natured taunting and wagering.
© www.irelandsown.net

.....

Silver-white frostwork
sleeping in winter-clad towns:
Yule hibernation


Nuala Ní Chonchúir
(from ¡Divas! New Irish Women's Writing publ. by Arlen House)



WKD : Winter Solstice in Ireland



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"Eucalyptus Yule"
Winter solstice June 2010 in Australia


Winter Solstice Celebrations around the World
www.religioustolerance.org/winter_solstice.htm


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. Sanziana, Yellow Bedstraw (Galium verum) .
Midsummer Rituals in Romania


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


さぼてんを上座に直ス冬至哉
saboten o kamiza ni naosu tooji kana

I move my cactus
to the upper shelf –
it’s Winter Solstice.


Kobayashi Issa 一茶 文化二
(Tr. Robin Gill)


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風雲の少しく遊ぶ冬至かな
fuu-un no sukoshiku asobu tooji kana

wind and clouds
playing just a little -
winter soltice

(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Ishida Hakyo (1913-1969) 石田波郷 
http://jindaiji.co.jp/sobazen/199712.html
http://www.lib.ehime-u.ac.jp/KUHI/ENG/hakyoeng.html

Fuu-un can also mean: winds and clouds/elements/situation/state of affairs

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winter solstice
headlights
in both directions

willard

From the Shiki Archives. The Photo above is also from this link.
Read more haiku on this topic here:
http://shiki1.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp/~shiki/kukai/kukai51-1.html

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winter solstice
a titmouse moves deeper
into the bush

B. Ross


winter solstice-
where are my
sheepskin slippers?

Kate Steere
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/cherrypoetryclub/message/21086

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Beethoven
and some incense smoke -
the longest night

Beethoven
und Incenserauch -
die laengste Nacht

Gabi Greve
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/happyhaiku/message/977

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winter solstice
a rainbow
around the moon

susan delphine delaney

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winter solstice -
a dark shadow grows
darker


gabi greve, Dezember 2008

I Ching 24. Fu - Return (The Turning Point)
and some musings about American Haiku


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Related words

***** Plum blossoms of the Winter Solstice
(tooji bai 冬至梅)

The Japanese UME is in fact an apricot, but usually translated as plum blossoms.


Fritz Capelari (1884-1950)

apricot blossoms
start to bloom
the winter solstice

etsuko yanagibori

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堀端の風の甘さや冬至梅
horibata no kaze no amasa ya tooji bai

the wind from the riverbank
smells so sweet -
plums at winter solstice
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

source : www.hpmix.com/home/tetsuan/


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The Winter Solstice day and the time around it is a time to care for your health, with food like this and with a hot bath.


***** Pumpkin Soup at the Winter Solstice
(tooji kabocha 冬至南瓜)

tooji konnyaku 冬至蒟蒻(とうじこんにゃく)konyak for winter solstice
tooji mochi 冬至餅(とうじもち) ricecakes for winter solstice


***** Rice Gruel at the Winter Solstice
(tooji-gayu 冬至粥)

akaragashiwa 赤柏(あからがしわ)"red oak"
azuki no kayu 赤豆の粥(あずきのかゆ)gruel with red adzuki beans


***** Yuzu Bath on the Winter Solstice Day
yuzu yu 柚子湯 (ゆずゆ) / yuzuburo 柚子風呂(ゆずぶろ
(tooji yu 冬至湯, tooji-buro冬至風呂)

... ... see Yuzu (citron family)

. . . . .

. kiku no toojime 菊の冬至芽(きくのとうじめ)
chrysanthemum budding at the winter solstice



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***** Long Night (yonaga, nagaki yo 夜長、長き夜) 
kigo for atumn
(The above link also includes explanations for : short night, long day, short day.)

Properly speaking, the longest night is that of the winter solstice (around 21 December by the Gregorian calendar), but "long night(s)" as an autumn topic is based less on the calendar than on poetic sensibility: the contrast with summer's brief nights. At night-work or reading a book in the pleasant climate of autumn, one keenly feels the lengthening nights.


山鳥の枝ふみかゆる夜長かな
yamadori no eda fumikayuru yonaga kana

a copper pheasant's
feet fidget on the branch--
this long night

Buson ... 蕪村

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よそに鳴る夜長の時計数へけり
yoso ni naru yonaga no tokei kazoekeri

distant striking
of a clock in the long night--
I counted each

Sugita Hisajo .... 杉田久女


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long night
moon playing hide and seek
with the sun


Ella Wagenmakers


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***** Summer Solstice, geshi 夏至
kigo for mid-summer

geshi no hi 夏至の日(げしのひ)day of the summer solstice
geshi no ame 夏至の雨(げしのあめ)rain on the summer solstice
geshi no yoru 夏至の夜(げしのよる)night of the summer solstice
geshi yokaze 夏至夜風(げしよかぜ)windy night of the summer solstice

geshi byakuya 夏至白夜(げしびゃくや)
white night of the summer solstice

white night in the polar region (byakuya)




Chinese astronomers determining the summer solstice
The Mathematics of the Chinese Calendar


The Summer Solstice is the beginning of the Astronomical Summer, and is often considered the start of summer in the United States (even though Summer vacations started at the end of the school year--usually in May).
The traditional European Summer, as well as the definition of Summer used for Japanese haiku, has the Summer Solstice as the middle of the Summer season.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Season


Click HERE to see more photos, of Stonehenge and other places


first night of summer...
neither the mockingbird
nor I can sleep

© gK
tinywords.com/haiku.2002


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summer solstice --
an old pine anchors
the moon


Laryalee Frazer, 2005


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summer solstice--
we hang suspended
in the first light


John Daleiden, June 2006

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sweltering . . .
the summer solstice
a month away


Laura Becker Sherman
- WKD facebook 2012 -

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ENYOVDEN / Enyo’s Day (Midsummer Day)
June 24

Name day of everyone named Yanko, Yana, Yanka.

This ancient Bulgarian ritual is considered the turning point in the mythological calendar of the ancient people – a ritual connected to the summer Equinox, when the day is longest and the night is shortest. Enyovden / Enyo’s Day is a favorite summer holiday for young and old. It practically divides the year into two. It is believed that after that feast, winter sets on its long way to the people. The story of Enyo putting on his furcoat and going to search for snow reminds that it is time to think of the long cold months to come.
People get up early that day to see the sun “turning three times” - whoever manages to "bathe" in the dew will be safe from illnesses until Midsummer Day next year. Old people say the legend of Enyo - once upon a time, in a village, there used to live two young people, Enyo and Stana, who were very much in love. Every day they thought of each other,and the bread had no taste at all until they saw each another at least from afar. But the girl’s father had decided else and arranged an engagement for Stana in another village.
MORE
source : www.plovdivguide.com


standing tall
in front of the sun-
Enyovden


- Shared by Tzetzka Ilieva -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013


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Solstice December 2012 - Mayan Doomsday

A New Age interpretation of this transition was that the date marked the start of a period during which Earth and its inhabitants would undergo a positive physical or spiritual transformation, and that 21 December 2012 would mark the beginning of a new era.
Others suggested that the date marked the end of the world or a similar catastrophe. Scenarios suggested for the end of the world included the arrival of the next solar maximum, an interaction between Earth and the black hole at the center of the galaxy,or Earth's collision with a planet called Nibiru.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


snowy morning,
December 21...
reciting Basho


for Mayan Doomsday believers

Chen-ou Liu
Canada

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. jikan 時間 time in Edo - Edo no jikoku 江戸の時刻 .

. SAIJIKI
OBSERVANCES, FESTIVALS, RITUALS



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