tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post110359325321687465..comments2023-05-24T22:53:48.790+09:00Comments on WKD (01) ... World Kigo Database . . . (WKD): KIGO - use in haikuGabi Grevehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16362456518166174106noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-16074093773915847712017-07-04T16:02:43.377+09:002017-07-04T16:02:43.377+09:00jikan 時間 time in Edo
Edo no jikoku 江戸の時刻
.
https:...<b>jikan 時間 time in Edo<br />Edo no jikoku 江戸の時刻 </b><br />.<br />https://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2017/07/jikan-time-in-edo.html<br />.Gabi Grevehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16362456518166174106noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-85480944155028688882014-11-11T09:42:28.629+09:002014-11-11T09:42:28.629+09:00- KIGO CALENDAR -
the 12 Months
- KIGO CALENDAR -<br />the 12 Months<br />Gabi Greve - WKDhttp://wkdfestivalsaijiki.blogspot.jp/search/label/CALENDARnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-33594356824358949502013-01-06T08:09:00.185+09:002013-01-06T08:09:00.185+09:00Shiki Kukai Temporary Archives
Historical Kukai R...<b>Shiki Kukai Temporary Archives<br /></b><br />Historical Kukai Results (October 1996- April 2002)<br /><br />Shiki Kukai Results - September 2002 to Present<br /><br />A rich resource of kigo and EL Haiku to go with it.<br />https://sites.google.com/site/shikikukaitemporaryarchives/Gabi Greve - WKDhttps://sites.google.com/site/shikikukaitemporaryarchives/noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-46954154600174738762012-10-16T13:46:00.170+09:002012-10-16T13:46:00.170+09:00To Kigo or Not to Kigo:
Hanging From a Marmot’s Mo...To Kigo or Not to Kigo:<br />Hanging From a Marmot’s Mouth<br /><br />by Robert D. Wilson<br /><br />http://simplyhaiku.theartofhaiku.com/past-issues/simply-haiku-2011/summer-2011/features/to-kigo-or-not-to-kigo.htmlAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-41619894475479750492012-07-17T09:43:50.865+09:002012-07-17T09:43:50.865+09:00A fold in the paper
Kire and kigo in haiku
by Alan...A fold in the paper<br />Kire and kigo in haiku<br />by Alan Summers<br /><br />Introducing the "kigo lab" project:<br /><br />The Kigo Lab does not seek to attempt to instil a kigo culture within international English-language haiku writing group of poets: it simply wishes to engage in the possibilities that an attempt at kigo may prove to be yet a potent device in an author’s armoury. One of its many purposes is that an author can consider including kigo in their variety of styles, whether for a collection-in-progress, or for competitions run by various organisations that prefer a seasonal aspect in haiku.<br /><br />Its aims lie in the experiment of certain well-known words and phrases in the English language which have potential into being utilised, even eventually, however long-term, into evolving as a direct parallel to kigo. <br /><br />http://www.multiversesjournal.com/the-thin-white-expanse.html<br />.anonymoushttp://www.multiversesjournal.com/the-thin-white-expanse.htmlnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-90997919728142839702012-06-04T09:50:37.334+09:002012-06-04T09:50:37.334+09:00An Interview with Jane Reichhold
by John McManus
...An Interview with Jane Reichhold<br />by John McManus <br />... <br />JM: In haiku composition the use of kigo is essential for some poets whilst others deliberately write haiku without one. What are your thoughts on the use of Kigo in English-language haiku?<br /><br />JR: The use of a season word in a haiku can be a big help. Many new-comers' haiku are very short or seem to have only two images. Adding a seasonal reference can often help 'nail the haiku down' into the reality with a nature image and give the poem the essential third line/image. Even for other writers, the addition of a seasonal reference can add realism, punch, and interest. As with any good tool or technique, the over-use of season words can bring on boredom – how many "spring rain" haiku can you read or write in a year?<br /><br />Also, I have a problem with using season words as springboard or 'inspiration' for new haiku. This practice often leads to unrealistic combinations of images or what are pejoratively referred to as 'desk haiku.' I much prefer haiku that spring from an interaction between the author and nature-nature or human-nature.<br /><br />I dislike the arguments over whether 'spider' is a spring kigo or an autumn one or the critique of a haiku based on whether there are "too many" kigo in a poem or pointing out that the kigo do not match. This seems mostly a waste of words better spent in writing haiku instead of putting down the works of someone else.<br /><br />I do find kigo an excellent way to organize large amounts of previously written haiku. Understanding and using the principles of a saijiki (as I did with A Dictionary of Haiku where over 5000 haiku are in one book) can be very helpful for others to find haiku on a certain subject or even to find a haiku when one can only recall part of it.<br /><br />I think proponents for the use of kigo can go too far when they state that haiku must have a season word or it is not a 'real haiku.' There are many excellent haiku out there that are surviving, and doing very well, without a kigo. However, this idea is a major one within the Japanese tradition and is partly what separates their haiku from those written in English. <br />.<br />http://www.haikuhut.com/ahg/ahg13/expositions03.html<br />.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-32502130986152756962011-05-24T14:18:36.863+09:002011-05-24T14:18:36.863+09:00Japanese LINK about kigo
http://kigo.blog4.fc2.co...Japanese LINK about kigo<br /><br />http://kigo.blog4.fc2.com/<br /><br />and<br /><br />Haiku Kentei<br />http://www.kentei-sv.jp/k48.html?ad&gclid=CJ_lwoT87agCFU4lpQod5XAXDA<br />俳句検定 Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-26983211460051464552010-07-12T05:34:56.568+09:002010-07-12T05:34:56.568+09:00Patricia Machmiller, THF:
Fourth of July
L. has a...Patricia Machmiller, THF:<br /><br />Fourth of July<br />L. has asked: “I’m not at all sure that we should be using the Japanese word, kigo, though, for English-language haiku. Might the Fourth of July be a likely time to evaluate the use of the term?”<br /><br />L., you are right. I have used the word kigo both here and in my opening comments knowing that there exists a school of thought that kigo are appropriate only to Japanese haiku, and that we who write in English should use the phrase season words. <br /><br />I have a different view: <br />to me kigo is more than a season word, even in English. It is a poetic device that has been developed to a high degree through the Japanese haikai tradition. But its power is available in every language. It is a latent power that can be tapped by the haiku writer even without the codification or authorization that comes from an official saijiki. <br />I would agree that that Japanese have a highly structured kigo culture whereas we English-language writers find both the concept and the actual operation of kigo to be more fluid, less structured, more democratic. Ultimately the way the kigo operates in languages other than Japanese, its effectiveness as a poetic device, is determined not by a saijiki, but by readers. <br />snip<br />Those in the southern hemisphere have a bigger intellectual adjustment to make since the fourth of July is a winter day of not much significance. <br /><br />http://www.thehaikufoundation.org/2010/07/03/young-leaf-2/comment-page-5/#comment-3581Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-28769260088260628822010-06-12T09:53:33.373+09:002010-06-12T09:53:33.373+09:00snip
2. the way poets were constantly trying to p...snip<br /><br />2. the way poets were constantly trying to play with Japanese kigo (especially Basho), by using and utilizing them, by inverting their meaning, manipulating them, and radically twisting their traditional associations and expectations in order to constantly strive to create something new and fresh.<br /><br />Scott Metz on 2nd Position, THF BLOG<br /><br />http://www.thehaikufoundation.org/2010/06/08/2nd-position/comment-page-2/#comment-3235anonymoushttp://www.thehaikufoundation.org/2010/06/08/2nd-position/comment-page-2/#comment-3235noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-31793818362870524362010-03-13T16:43:43.011+09:002010-03-13T16:43:43.011+09:00Shirane says that the season word in haiku can fun...Shirane says that the season word in haiku can function as <br />“a complex literary and cultural sign” that is “often highly fictional . . . .”anonymoushttp://www.thehaikufoundation.org/2010/03/12/fluence-1-part-2-2/noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-4748530111829884962010-02-17T11:43:09.011+09:002010-02-17T11:43:09.011+09:00‘Seasons play an important role in Japanese cultur...‘Seasons play an important role in Japanese culture, which has long celebrated the appreciation of ephemeral beauty as a reflection of life itself.’<br /><br />Japan Times<br />http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fa20100205r1.htmlanonymous JThttp://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fa20100205r1.htmlnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-55138163276819830052009-09-23T06:26:06.450+09:002009-09-23T06:26:06.450+09:00Not to have seasonal images in haiku would mean el...Not to have seasonal images in haiku would mean eliminating kigo, a key element in haiku.<br />A.<br />Discussion<br /><br />http://thehaikufoundation.org/2009/09/20/montage-29/anonymoushttp://thehaikufoundation.org/2009/09/20/montage-29/noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-46069515557302982582009-08-19T07:30:03.390+09:002009-08-19T07:30:03.390+09:00.
the difference between kigo (Japanese haiku) and....<br />the difference between kigo (Japanese haiku) and <br />season words (haiku in the rest of the universe): <br />season words are about nature; kigo are about a cultural code. <br /><br />a friend from america in the rest of the universeAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-49556056127517449222009-05-04T06:21:00.000+09:002009-05-04T06:21:00.000+09:00...
kigo is not just a weather report
but a windo......<br />kigo is not just a weather report <br />but a window into the poem !<br /><br />an american haiku poetanonymoushttp://forum.ahapoetry.com/viewtopic.php?p=86652#86652noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-85515679199481860742009-04-27T06:52:00.000+09:002009-04-27T06:52:00.000+09:00In American English, "haiku" is an umbrella term, ...In American English, "haiku" is an umbrella term, including, but not limited to, poems more or less connected to the Japanese tradition. (As purists and practitioners, we may not like this, but that's the way it is.)<br /> With "kigo," my problem is not with the word, but with the referent.<br />I ask whether "kigo," when referring to, say, American haiku, means the same as it means when referring to Japanese haiku. My understanding is that the Japanese kigo has at least as much to do with culture—specifically, Japanese culture—as with nature. There is more to "cherry blossoms" in a Japanese haiku than in an American haiku. "moon" is one thing in a culture that has a tradition of autumnal moon-viewing, quite a different thing in a culture that has no such tradition. And the American ambivalence toward tradition per se complicates matters still further.<br />B.NY.anonymoushttp://haikuhut.com/haikuhutforum/index.php?topic=1001.new%3Btopicseen#newnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-24339650831798716662009-02-16T09:47:00.000+09:002009-02-16T09:47:00.000+09:00An Interview with Hasegawa Kai: Part 2by Robert D....An Interview with Hasegawa Kai: Part 2<BR/>by Robert D. Wilson, Interviewer<BR/><BR/>Robert Wilson: <BR/>Is the use of kigo essential to the writing of a haiku? If so, why, and what is the purpose of kigo and the role it plays in haiku?<BR/><BR/>There are some English language poets who do not include a kigo in some of their haiku, using as a justification, that not everyone lives in a natural setting, such as those living in congested urban centers.<BR/><BR/>HK: <BR/>Kigo (words that express the seasons), which carry out important functions in haiku, were born from the soil of the idea I mentioned previously, that "humans are a part of nature."<BR/><BR/>The seasons are born from the revolution of the earth around the sun, and the first function of kigo is related to this. By including kigo in haiku, the rhythm of the earth's revolution is incorporated within the haiku.<BR/><BR/>The second function is that kigo bring an expansive world into haiku. Words are all products of the imagination, but kigo, in particular, are crystallizations formed by the imagination. We are able, for example, to roam freely within the universe contained within the kigo "hana" [flowers, especially cherry blossoms].<BR/><BR/>samazama no<BR/>koto omoidasu<BR/>sakura kana<BR/><BR/>calling to mind<BR/>all manner of things<BR/>cherry blossoms<BR/> Bashō<BR/><BR/>This haiku describes remembering various things from the past while gazing at cherry blossoms, and kigo also have the same function. This is not related to whether one lives in the country or in the city. The revolution of the earth and the human imagination are the same in the country and in the city. The question is whether or not one is aware of living within the universe.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-43527903848753919812008-10-22T07:16:00.000+09:002008-10-22T07:16:00.000+09:00And THANKS to Gabi for her very, very hard work. W...And THANKS to Gabi for her very, very hard work. We can all only get better as poets the <BR/>more we read, write and discuss!<BR/><BR/>hortensia<BR/>simply haikuAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-19247016923330938602008-05-17T16:32:00.000+09:002008-05-17T16:32:00.000+09:00....the German author Annika Reich, in "Was ist Ha.......<BR/>the German author Annika Reich, in "Was ist Haiku?" (in German, “What is Haiku?” in English) quotes from her personal communication with Kaneko Tôta: <BR/>"Takahama Kyoshi said kigo must be a rule, Bashô wrote seasonless poems. Before Kyoshi kigo was only a promise not a rule."<BR/><BR/>Read more here<BR/>http://simplyhaiku.com/SHv6n2/features/Forgive.htmlAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-21155332157985255932007-12-29T14:22:00.000+09:002007-12-29T14:22:00.000+09:00Dhugal J. Lindsay's Haiku UniverseThe use of kigo ...Dhugal J. Lindsay's Haiku Universe<BR/><BR/>The use of kigo is very problematic in Western haiku. It has been proposed by many poets, that kigo is not possible over a great geographic range. However Japan is also spread over a great geographic range and the kigo problem is overcome by having different season word dictionaries ("saijiki") for different climates. eg Hokkaido Saijiki, Okinawa Saijiki, Brazil Saijiki, Hawaii Saijiki. <BR/><BR/> A kigo does not necessarily have to invoke a particular season. Although "air conditioner" and "ant" imply summer, "sweater" implies fall, and "sunglasses" implies a summer noon, most poets I know personally use a kigo for information rather than to imply a specific season. Although a sweater may not always be worn in Winter, it does imply that it is cold. Sunglasses would imply that a Westerner or mafia member were on the scene. (only in Japan I expect ;-)"Rape blossoms although normally a spring kigo may bloom in Summer in cold areas such as Hokkaido. <BR/><BR/>The ability to provide "instant access" to a setting is a major plus in using kigo. <BR/><BR/>Just by stating "migrating geese" it invokes in the reader all of the images associated with Autumn, but it also invokes a feeling of loss. Even if I did not know that a rose was a summer season word I would imagine most Westerners would still equate it with love. <BR/><BR/>Even if the season can not be guessed from the season word it still contains important information. However this association-conveyed information may differ with people of different cultural backgrounds. How do we know that "rose" in some country does not suggest death? <BR/><BR/>This may be a problem in the internationalization of haiku. Kigo such as "the anniversary of Picasso's death" might catch on relatively easily internationally though. <BR/><BR/>Some purists would argue that this sort of association should not be considered when making haiku, and that only the association that the author actually experienced themselves should be written of. I agree with this if the haiku in question is simply about the physically existing object before the poet. <BR/><BR/>However, my school of haiku often uses such objects as tools in conveying other truths and, as such, these associations must be taken into account even if not used. <BR/><BR/>Kaneko Tohta believes that Westerners do not and will not accept kigo as being integral to haiku and that a 6th kigo category should be stressed. "zoh". They are not really season words at all, but rather everyday objects that contain associated meaning. More like a "theme" word. A common zoh category word in Western HAIKU is "grave", another is "clock". <BR/><BR/> I do not agree with him. I feel that people use zoh already and that it needs no stressing. However the haiku tradition of kigo does need stressing as many Westerners believe it is unnecessary. (If it isn't stressed a little it may disappear and a very useful haiku tool with it). <BR/><BR/>Haiku must have kigo. This is a prerequisite of the haiku form. Most haiku poets put one in automatically and in very few cases is a haiku made which upon retrospect has no kigo. (It happens sometimes to me too). I personally believe that these are no less haiku (if the "haiku way of thinking" is present). However the conservative school maintains that anything without one is not a haiku. The addition/reinstatement of zoh as an accepted kigo category would solve this but I personally feel it unnecessary. <BR/><BR/> In any situation there will always be more than one kigo present. The challenge in haiku is to pick the right one to use to get your message across. "a skilled choice of words" is very important. However you must use that which is present at the scene and that which caused your experience/haiku moment. <BR/><BR/>(Looking in retrospect can sometimes cause you to forget what it REALLY was that caused the moment and this is where "intellectualism" - the "making" of haiku rears its ugly head.) <BR/><BR/> Part of the fun of haiku is the challenge of inserting a kigo and seeing the unthought of increases in imparted information that suddenly present themselves as a result. Things you might have thought of subconciously when you experienced the Kigo - Rest of poem bonding moment but may not have been aware of. <BR/> <BR/><BR/>http://www.cyberoz.net/city/dhugal/kigo.htmlAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-85517009428639530692007-10-03T14:06:00.000+09:002007-10-03T14:06:00.000+09:00Space Vs. PlaceBut wait, if the subject is the are...<B>Space Vs. Place</B><BR/><BR/>But wait, if the subject is the area bounded by borders, be they physical or temporal, is that "space"? <BR/>How is "space" different from "place"? <BR/><BR/>Actually, this distinction is more than semantic sophistry. After all, to discuss the use of place in haiku is hardly an assignment worth doing. Haiku is the quintessential poem of place, one of its most common attributes if not, arguably, a defining characteristic, being the <B>kigo, or seasonal word,</B> which functions as a sort of dateline, specifying the particular time and location.<BR/><BR/><B>Haiku and White Space</B><BR/><BR/>Like the codified <B>kigo </B>of traditional Japanese haiku, the liniation of text does not culturally translate. Japanese is, after all, written vertically and Japanese haiku are generally expressed in a single column of symbols that can be apprehended instantly together, as with an illustration. <BR/><BR/>Early English language translators broke the lines into onji, or sound symbols, which led to our presumption of the three-line form. Like kigo, Western haiku poets have questioned this presumption and created a variety of solutions.<BR/><BR/>Read more here:<BR/><A HREF="http://www.poetrysociety.org.nz/aboutmonthlyarticle" REL="nofollow">Haiku and its Relationship to Space <BR/>by Tracy Koretsky</A>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-71383434879459990402007-09-26T18:35:00.000+09:002007-09-26T18:35:00.000+09:00Issa and the moth... Yes, Gabi. And folks we can ...Issa and the moth... Yes, Gabi. <BR/><BR/>And folks we can learn a lot about KIGO from the lovely haiku since the LINKS Gabi provides us with the haiku posted always refer to the pages on which these haiku appear ALONG with an explanation of how the haiku work, and what KIGO they use (for each and every season), with notes on the kigo themselves.<BR/><BR/>In other words, the more we read the haiku Gabi posts, the more we all learn about KIGO, which are at the heart, or even are the heart of classical Japanese haiku. <BR/>The more haiku we read Gabi posts, the more about kigo, and actual kigo we learn.<BR/><BR/>... a friendAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-82671541916137657782007-09-25T13:29:00.000+09:002007-09-25T13:29:00.000+09:00Dear Gabi san,My haiku goal these days is to write...Dear Gabi san,<BR/><BR/>My haiku goal these days is to write kigo that fit naturally into the haiku rather than look like something I copied out of a book. <BR/><BR/>Indeed, I think that pretending there are no rules, even for beginners, does a disservice to everyone. <BR/><BR/><B>The simple definition, three lines, one kigo and a cut, is where everyone should begin. </B><BR/><BR/>Unfortunately, as many times as I saw you write that kigo season references are different from a weather report, I saw that no one paid attention. <BR/><BR/>This is the misunderstanding that really must be cleared up or people will be perpetually stuck at the point where they are insisting that they see dragonflies, snakeskins or whatevr in summer, fall and winter too. <BR/><BR/> Its clear to me that no one understands the connection to how we as humans create a mental structure out of the natural continuity of the seasons so that we may live within them, like a house. <BR/><BR/>...................................<BR/><BR/>Dear friend,<BR/>thanks for your kind understanding of the kigo problems outside of Japan.<BR/><BR/>Indeed, here in Japan we STUDY our SAIJIKI every day, <B>haiku is study, study, study ...</B><BR/>and then a suitable kigo will be ready in my head when the situation calls for.<BR/><BR/>I will carry on writing about KIGO, now also at the <B><BR/><BR/><A HREF="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kigohotline/" REL="nofollow"> KIGO HOTLINE</A><BR/></B><BR/><BR/>GABIGabi Grevehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16362456518166174106noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-17844975725688844032007-09-25T13:22:00.000+09:002007-09-25T13:22:00.000+09:00I have alwayw wondered about the use of kigo in ha...I have alwayw wondered about the use of kigo in haiku. <BR/><BR/>Haiku is, after all, a form that is still, essentially, Japanese.<BR/><BR/>It seems to me that if you enter the house of a people whose custom is to remove their shoes, you don't insist on keeping yours on--much less proceed to stand on their furniture. <BR/><BR/>A friend from Europa.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-43510441630703254872007-09-23T11:24:00.000+09:002007-09-23T11:24:00.000+09:00http://haikukan.city.hakusan.ishikawa.jp/english/k...http://haikukan.city.hakusan.ishikawa.jp/english/kigo/index.html<BR/><BR/>Chiyo-Jo Haiku Museum<BR/><BR/><B>Haiku and the seasons</B><BR/>The haiku is the world’s shortest poetic form. In principle it requires a season-word and adheres to a set formula. The haiku in Japanese consists of three lines of five, seven and five syllables each – a total of seventeen. (Some do, however, dispense with a season-word and stray from 5-7-5.) Even in English and other languages of the world, the haiku is defined as a poem written in three short, simple lines.<BR/><BR/>The season-word, or kigo, is a word in the haiku that evokes the feel of a certain season. It is a basic and important element in the composition of a haiku. The kigo should work on the reader's imagination, making up for the limited expression possible in the haiku form, and help towards establishing a common understanding between writer and reader.<BR/><B><BR/>Rules about the kigo</B><BR/>It is a fundamental rule that each haiku must contain a kigo. There are all sorts of things a kigo can be, whether it refers to the calendar, the weather, an aspect of people’s lives, regular events, ceremonies, plants, animals, or anything else.<BR/><BR/>With Japan having four very distinct seasons, kigo are arranged into groups not only in reference to spring, summer, fall and winter, but with a fifth category for the new year period as well. As a whole they form what is known as the saijiki, or almanac of seasonal words.<BR/><BR/>Because of this, such situations arise as with the word ‘frog’ which, although the frog is also a summer and autumn phenomenon, is defined as a springtime kigo. A frog in summer must therefore be referred to as a ‘summer frog’. In a haiku which uses more than one of such kigo, the kigo more intimately related to a particular season becomes its main one.<BR/><BR/>Haiku have become popular even in those countries that lack four distinct seasons. As kigo differ according to country, they have diverged and multiplied along with the various environments and natural settings the haiku now finds itself in.<BR/><BR/>Copyright(c) Chiyo-Jo Haiku Museum All Rights Reserved.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159465.post-49511585228837463262007-06-11T16:09:00.000+09:002007-06-11T16:09:00.000+09:00http://groups.yahoo.com/group/simply_haiku/message...http://groups.yahoo.com/group/simply_haiku/message/20031<BR/><B><BR/>.. .. .. .. .. .. .. TWO KIGO ...<BR/></B><BR/>"Whichever season word dominates the seasonal understanding of a poem, and thus its placement in the saijiki, is said to be the (emphasised) season word of that poem."<BR/><BR/>- Higginson, Haiku World p.33.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com